Table 1.
Patient and treatment characteristics
| Characteristic | No ipilimumab (n = 40) | Concurrent ipilimumab (n = 23) | Non-concurrent ipilimumab (n = 28) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (range) | 62.5 (35–84) | 62 (29–85) | 59 (27–76) | 0.38 |
| Sex | 0.59 | |||
| Male | 29 (73%) | 16 (70%) | 17 (61%) | |
| Female | 11 (27%) | 7 (30%) | 11 (39%) | |
| KPS, median (range) | 90 (60–100) | 90 (70–100) | 90 (60–100) | 0.29 |
| DS-GPA, median (range) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.47 |
| Stage at diagnosis of cancer | 0.15 | |||
| I-II | 5 (25%) | 5 (31%) | 10 (56%) | |
| III-IV | 15 (75%) | 11 (69%) | 8 (44%) | |
| Brain metastases diagnosed within 3 months of primary | 0.72 | |||
| Yes | 5 (13%) | 3 (13%) | 2 (7%) | |
| No | 35 (87%) | 20 (87%) | 26 (93%) | |
| Time from primary cancer to brain metastasis, in years, median (range) | 3.38 (0–22.74) | 1.6 (0–20.10) | 7.14 (0.04–29.10) | 0.007 |
| Extracranial metastases | 0.15 | |||
| Yes | 27 (68%) | 20 (87%) | 23 (82%) | |
| No | 13 (32%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Neurologically symptomatic at baseline | 0.71 | |||
| Yes | 7 (18%) | 4 (17%) | 7 (25%) | |
| No | 33 (82%) | 19 (83%) | 21 (75%) | |
| Prior WBRT | 0.69 | |||
| Yes | 3 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (11%) | |
| No | 36 (92%) | 22 (96%) | 25 (89%) | |
| Prior chemotherapy | 0.04 | |||
| Yes | 16 (41%) | 3 (13%) | 11 (39%) | |
| No | 23 (59%) | 20 (87%) | 17 (61%) | |
| Prior targeted therapy | 0.15 | |||
| Yes | 15 (38%) | 9 (39%) | 17 (61%) | |
| No | 24 (62%) | 14 (61%) | 11 (39%) | |
| Prior neurosurgery | 0.60 | |||
| Yes | 17 (44%) | 8 (35%) | 9 (32%) | |
| No | 22 (56%) | 15 (65%) | 19 (68%) | |
| BRAF therapy | 0.65 | |||
| Yes | 4 (10%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (18%) | |
| No | 36 (90%) | 20 (87%) | 23 (82%) | |
| Pembrolizumab therapy | 0.03 | |||
| Yes | 1 (3%) | 5 (22%) | 6 (21%) | |
| No | 39 (97%) | 18 (78%) | 22 (79%) | |
| Ipilimumab dose | 0.04 | |||
| 3 mg/kg | – | 19 (90%) | 17 (65%) | |
| 10 mg/kg | – | 2 (10%) | 9 (35%) | |
| Ipilimumab cycles, median (range) | – | 4 (2–5) | 4 (1–6) | 0.81 |
| Year treated with SRS, median (range) | 2009 (2006–2011) | 2011 (2008–2014) | 2010 (2007–2015) | < 0.001 |
| 2006–2010 | 34 (85%) | 6 (26%) | 16 (57%) | |
| 2011–2015 | 6 (15%) | 17 (74%) | 12 (43%) | |
| Time from brain metastasis diagnosis to SRS, in days, median (range) | 21 (0–285) | 25 (6–154) | 22 (3–1663) | 0.63 |
| Number of brain metastases treated, mean (standard deviation) | 2.45 (1.84) | 3.61 (3.60) | 2.68 (2.28) | 0.20 |
| Number of brain metastases treated, median (range) | 2 (1–8) | 3 (1–16) | 2 (1–9) | 0.49 |
| Number of surgical resection cavities treated (% of total) | 11 (11%) | 11 (13%) | 7 (9%) | 0.74 |
| Tumor volume, cm3, median (range) | 0.42 (0.01–21.80) | 0.20 (0.01–30.33) | 0.20 (0.01–10.60) | 0.10 |
DS-GPA diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment, Gy gray, SRS stereotactic radiosurgery, WBRT whole-brain radiotherapy