Table 4.
Systematic review of the association between T2D and global cognition and changes of global cognition.
| Authors | T2D at intake n (%) |
Cognitive test | Cognitive status Mean (SE) |
Cognitive changes Mean (SE) |
Association (if available) Odds ratio (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-DM | DM | p Value | Non-DM | DM | p Value | ||||
| Espeland et al. [16] | 179 (8.3%) | Global cognitive function 3MS |
96.8 (3.10) | 95.7 (4.27) | <0.001 | – | 0.21 (0.07) | 0.005 | |
| Formiga et al. [11] | 42 (25.1%) | MEC (MMSE) | 30.5 (3) | 30.1 (3) | 0.38 | 2.7 (5.0) | 3.8 (5.9) | 0.25 | OR = 1.37 [1.02 − 1.85] |
| Hassing et al. [21] | 36 (13.1%) | MMSE | 27.6 (2.4) | 27.7 (2.3) | – | −0.34 (0.06) | −0.49 (0.16) | <0.05 | |
| Logroscino et al. [17] | 1394 (7.3%) | TICS | 33.8 (2.8) | 33.2 (2.9) | – | – | – | OR decline = 1.52 [1.15, 1.99] | |
| Mayeda et al. [27] | 530 (32.4%) | 3MSE | – | – | – | – | OR decline = 1.73 [1.39, 2.16] OR T2D at intake = 1.88 [1.48, 2.38] OR incident cases = 0.70 [0.36, 1.35] |
||
| Okereke et al. [18] | n (men) = 553 (9.4%) n (women) = 405 (6.4%) |
TICS | 34.3 (2.7) 34.3 (2.7) |
33.8 (3.0) 33.8 (2.8) |
- - |
- - |
- - |
||
| Rouch et al. [7] | 12 (7%) | FCSR Total immediate recall Sum immediate free recall Delayed free recall Delayed total recall |
46.31 (2.60) 31.93 (5.21) 12.31 (2.23) 15.63 (0.98) |
44.81 (3.86) 27.15 (6.55) 11.75 (3.45) 15.29 (1.06) |
0.15 0.005 0.45 0.33 |
0.01 (0.05) −0.03 (0.15) −0.01 (0.19) −0.01 (0.07) |
0.04 (0.08) 0.05 (0.17) −0.01 (0.20) −0.01 (0.05) |
0.19 0.06 0.99 0.24 |
|
| Samaras et al. [8] | 106 (12%) | Global cognition (Z-score) | −0.68 (0.05) | −0.97 (0.12) | 0.048 | −0.92 (0.12) | −0.92 (0.06) | 0.05 | |
| Wu et al. [12] | 585 (32.7%) | Modified MMSE | 84.8 | 82.5 | 0.002 | OR decline = 1.68 [1.21, 2.34] | |||
| Xu et al. [9] | 56 (6%) | MMSE | 27.6 (1.3) | 27.2 (1.3) | 0.678 | – | – | ||
| Yaffe et al. [26] | 717 (32%) | Modified MMSE | 90.9 (0.2) | 88.8 (0.3) | 0.001 | −4.5 (0.3) | −6.0 (0.5) | 0.008 | |