Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of all study subjects.
| Normal control | CKD1 | CKD3 | CKD5 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.95 ± 10.44 | 48.20 ± 8.49 | 50.85 ± 12.48 | 52.40 ± 16.72 | .576 |
| Sex (male/female) | 10/10 | 11/9 | 10/10 | 10/10 | .985 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.10 ± 1.61 | 23.06 ± 3.78 | 25.71 ± 3.61 | 25.54 ± 3.39 | .054 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 118.60 ± 4.49 | 135.60 ± 13.7a | 149.05 ± 16.37a | 165.80 ± 14.22ab | <.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.20 ± 4.02 | 89.75 ± 7.08 | 99.85 ± 13.00a | 106.30 ± 12.13ab | <.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 144.70 ± 14.09 | 136.00 ± 22.57 | 122.55 ± 12.08a | 92.50 ± 18.57abc | <.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.41 ± 2.96 | 37.67 ± 8.09 | 32.05 ± 10.37a | 34.49 ± 6.53a | <.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.59 ± 1.48 | 4.89 ± 1.35 | 10.34 ± 5.19ab | 23.49 ± 9.17abc | <.001 |
| Cre (μmol/L) | 59.85 ± 10.84 | 64.80 ± 14.39 | 135.25 ± 63.25ab | 724.80 ± 309.73abc | <.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 112.14 ± 18.05 | 110.01 ± 19.19 | 44.50 ± 9.92ab | 7.58 ± 2.83abc | <.001 |
| Elabela (ng/mL) | 6.14 ± 1.03 | 5.39 ± 1.91 | 3.81 ± 1.12ab | 2.67 ± 1.01abc | <.001 |
| Apelin (ng/mL) | 3801.10 ± 902.21 | 3520.75 ± 1002.97 | 3615.90 ± 1012.54 | 3547.05 ± 1192.16 | .825 |
CKD: chronic kidney disease; CKD1, CKD3, and CKD5, CKD stages one, three, and five; BMI: body-mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BUN: blood urine nitrogen; Cre: serum creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
a
p < .05 vs. the normal control group. bp < .05 vs. the CKD1 group. cp < .05 vs. the CKD3 group.