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. 2020 Aug 17;27(1):1231–1235. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1790692

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Fractionation of clinical protamine. (A) Visualization of the clinical protamine fractions on polyacrylamide gel. Among the 24 fractions collected, proteins were visible in fractions 2–15. (B) Transfection efficiency of nanoparticles formulated using the clinical protamine (‘clinical’ ) or each Sephadex fraction mixed with mRNA. HEK cells were incubated with nanoparticles (0.5 µg of mRNA and 1.5 µg of protamine) formed from the fractions (90 µg/ml) mixed with mRNA (30 µg/ml). After 18 h of incubation, the luminescence was measured. Data represent triplicate mean values; error bars: SD.