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. 2020 Sep 3;19:174. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01435-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Regulation of the IDH expression of E. coli strains in shake-flask cultivation. a Growth curve and glucose consumption of wild-type E. coli BL21(DE3) and recombinant E. coli harboring CRISPRi system. b HPLC analysis of mixed standard and the final fermentation broth of E. coli strains. c Time course of aconitate production and the final concentration of aconitic acid in E. coli strains. d Relative changes of metabolites in CRISPRi strains (C_CRISPRi) versus control strain (C_control). IDH: isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), encoded by icdA gene. WT: wild-type E. coli BL21(DE3) devoid of CRISPRi system; control: recombinant E. coli with non-targeting CRISPRi system; icdA1, icdA2 and icdA3: recombinant E. coli harboring the CRISPRi system targeting different regions of icdA gene. Mean ± S.E. (n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01