Table 3.

Gene expression in colon after 2 weeks of gavage with CRCE.

Colon 2-weeks
Mouse	Human	Function	Vehicle	61.5 mg/kg	184.5 mg/kg	615 mg/kg
Ccl1	CCL1	C-C motif chemokine ligand 1	1.00 ± 0.16	1.69 ± 0.27	4.47 ± 1.17^A	3.61 ± 1.34
Cd14	CXCL1	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	1.00 ± 0.07	1.26 ± 0.17	1.23 ± 0.11	2.81 ± 0.28^AB
Cxcl1	CD14	Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14	1.00 ± 0.21	2.80 ± 0.62^A	2.67 ± 0.54^A	5.57 ± 1.60^AB
Cxcl2**	CXCL2	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	1.00 ± 0.01	7.32 ± 1.23^A	97.33 ± 34.23	275.7 ± 110.5
Fas	FAS	Fas cell surface death receptor	1.00 ± 0.12	1.06 ± 0.12	1.46 ± 0.08^AB	0.97 ± 0.09
Fasl*	FASLG	Fas ligand
Icam1	ICAM1	Intercellular adhesion molecule 1	1.00 ± 0.08	1.35 ± 0.09^A	2.29 ± 0.31 ^AB	2.76 ± 0.33 ^AB
Il1a	IL1A	Interleukin 1 alpha	1.00 ± 0.25	2.14 ± 0.40	4.64 ± 0.74^AB	3.51 ± 0.55^A
Il1b	IL1B	Interleukin 1 beta	1.00 ± 0.14	1.57 ± 0.31	3.34 ± 0.94	3.31 ± 0.95
Il2	IL2	Interleukin 2	1.00 ± 0.11	1.25 ± 0.19	1.62 ± 0.14^A	1.29 ± 0.27
Il4*	IL4	Interleukin 4
Myd88	MYD88	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	1.00 ± 0.13	1.05 ± 0.04	1.11 ± 0.03	1.09 ± 0.04
Tlr2	TLR2	Toll like receptor 2	1.00 ± 0.13	0.90 ± 0.15	1.57 ± 0.16^A	0.94 ± 0.24
Tlr4	TLR4	Toll like receptor 4	1.00 ± 0.18	1.12 ± 0.15	0.98 ± 0.09	1.03 ± 0.11
Tnf	TNF	Tumor necrosis factor	1.00 ± 0.13	2.22 ± 0.45^A	2.38 ± 0.39^A	1.80 ± 0.40

Data presented at mean fold change from respective vehicle ± SEM (n = 3–6). *, not expressed (cells empty). Gene expression values between vehicle and each dose were compared with a t-test with Welch’s correction, if needed for unequal variances(^A, significant comparison), and a one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test (if failed equal variance test), followed by a multiple comparisons test, using a Bonferroni or Dunn’s correction, of each dose versus vehicle (**, significant ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis without significant comparison; ^B, significant comparison).