Table 4.

Applications of type I and III CRISPR/Cas systems in bacteria, including genome editing and transcriptional regulation

Cas protein	Species	Strategy and type of modifications	Reference
Cas3	C. tyrobutyricum	Genome editing, single- and multi-gene deletions (100%)	[103]
Cas3	E. coli	Genome editing	[106]
Cas3	H. hispanica	Genome editing, deletion and single nucleotide substitution	[102]
Cas3	H. volcanii	CRISPRi, the promoter region (down to 8%), the coding strand (down to 88%), the template strand (down to 8%)	[101]
dCas3	E. coli	CRISPRi (82%)	[105]
Cas10	S. aureus	Genome editing, deletions and insertions	[10]