Fig. 2.

Ramelteon showed comparable neuroprotective effects with edaravone in MCAO-induced acute brain injury. a Mouse brains were administered at 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg edaravone and were subjected to 24 h pMCAO. Representative TTC-stained brain slices from each group are shown. b The infarct volumes and c neurological deficit scores of each group were determined (n = 3). d Ramelteon was administered at 3.0 mg/kg at onset or at 4 h or 6 h after MCAO. Edaravone was injected intraperitoneally at 10.0 mg/kg at the same time as ramelteon treatment. Representative TTC-stained slices are shown. e Brain infarct volumes and f neurological deficit scores were determined 24 h after ischemia. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 6 to 9 for each group. Statistical comparisons were performed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; n.s. (not significant) vs the indicated group