Table 3.
Comparison of the contents of ginsenosides (mg/g) in the leaves, stems, and roots at different growing stages of 3-year-old American ginseng between CE-N and CE-3
| Plant tissues and growing stages | CE-N |
CE-3 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rg1 | Re | Rb1 | Total | Rg1 | Re | Rb1 | Total | ||
| Leaves | Early leaf stage | 5.78 ± 0.25 | 12.21 ± 0.41 | 10.89 ± 0.31 | 28.88 ± 0.94 | 3.83 ± 0.17 | 10.80 ± 0.41 | 5.78 ± 0.27 | 20.42 ± 0.89 |
| Opened leaf stage | 5.98 ± 0.23 | 9.90 ± 0.32 | 8.97 ± 0.38 | 24.85 ± 1.08 | 4.19 ± 0.21 | 8.92 ± 0.34 | 6.03 ± 0.22 | 19.14 ± 0.57 | |
| Flowering stage | 6.60 ± 0.28 | 15.87 ± 0.76 | 9.32 ± 0.43 | 31.79 ± 1.12 | 4.70 ± 0.21 | 11.09 ± 0.46 | 7.87 ± 0.31 | 23.67 ± 1.17 | |
| Green berry stage | 3.82 ± 0.13 | 18.06 ± 0.77 | 13.34 ± 0.39 | 35.23 ± 1.61 | 2.19 ± 0.09 | 15.07 ± 0.55 | 8.79 ± 0.23 | 26.06 ± 1.28 | |
| Red berry stage | 2.09 ± 0.07 | 22.02 ± 0.98 | 6.91 ± 0.33 | 31.02 ± 1.15 | 1.96 ± 0.24 | 15.01 ± 0.61 | 5.70 ± 0.27 | 22.68 ± 0.94 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 10.09 ± 0.23 | 6.89 ± 0.27 | 18.02 ± 0.61 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 9.32 ± 0.32 | 2.68 ± 0.19 | 12.85 ± 0.59 | |
| Stems | Early leaf stage | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 4.08 ± 0.15 | 4.31 ± 0.22 | 8.73 ± 0.42 | 0.33 ± 0.07 | 3.06 ± 0.17 | 3.10 ± 0.16 | 6.50 ± 0.41 |
| Opened leaf stage | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 4.79 ± 0.19 | 3.15 ± 0.17 | 8.41 ± 0.23 | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 3.24 ± 0.13 | 2.07 ± 0.11 | 5.63 ± 0.28 | |
| Flowering stage | 0.43 ± 0.14 | 3.66 ± 0.13 | 3.34 ± 0.14 | 7.43 ± 0.31 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 2.92 ± 0.16 | 2.21 ± 0.11 | 5.34 ± 0.31 | |
| Green berry stage | 0.32 ± 0.09 | 5.19 ± 0.41 | 4.32 ± 0.21 | 9.74 ± 0.21 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 3.36 ± 0.18 | 2.29 ± 0.15 | 5.92 ± 0.31 | |
| Red berry stage | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 5.57 ± 0.27 | 5.01 ± 0.13 | 10.94 ± 0.41 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 3.95 ± 0.22 | 2.38 ± 0.17 | 6.52 ± 0.34 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 4.78 ± 0.32 | 1.65 ± 0.07 | 6.71 ± 0.31 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 0.21 | 1.39 ± 0.11 | 4.00 ± 0.25 | |
| Roots | Early leaf stage | 0.71 ± 0.01 | 8.74 ± 0.28 | 14.37 ± 0.55 | 23.83 ± 1.52 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 7.70 ± 0.34 | 10.21 ± 0.46 | 18.63 ± 0.82 |
| Opened leaf stage | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 8.13 ± 0.31 | 12.09 ± 0.51 | 21.22 ± 0.95 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 6.37 ± 0.32 | 9.71 ± 0.51 | 16.76 ± 0.53 | |
| Flowering stage | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 8.20 ± 0.41 | 12.22 ± 0.51 | 22.34 ± 1.29 | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 6.90 ± 0.21 | 9.38 ± 0.42 | 16.96 ± 0.61 | |
| Green berry stage | 1.38 ± 0.05 | 8.97 ± 0.22 | 16.81 ± 0.65 | 27.04 ± 1.25 | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 5.99 ± 0.25 | 9.97 ± 0.34 | 16.94 ± 0.58 | |
| Red berry stage | 1.40 ± 0.08 | 11.07 ± 0.38 | 17.73 ± 0.42 | 30.21 ± 1.41 | 1.23 ± 0.07 | 6.33 ± 0.26 | 10.03 ± 0.44 | 17.60 ± 0.64 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 1.60 ± 0.11 | 11.43 ± 0.24 | 19.63 ± 0.96 | 32.68 ± 1.29 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 7.83 ± 0.25 | 12.53 ± 0.38 | 21.33 ± 0.96 | |
CE-N, cold exposure naturally; CE-3, cold exposure 3 months.