Table 4.
Comparison of the yields of ginsenosides (mg) in the leaves, stems, and roots at different growing stages of 3-year-old American ginseng between CE-N and CE-3
| Plant tissues and growing stages | CE-N |
CE-3 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rg1 | Re | Rb1 | Total | Rg1 | Re | Rb1 | Total | ||
| Leaves | Early leaf stage | 7.63 ± 0.21 | 16.12 ± 0.68 | 14.38 ± 0.42 | 38.14 ± 1.23 | 3.39 ± 0.11 | 9.56 ± 0.41 | 5.12 ± 0.25 | 18.08 ± 1.02 |
| Opened leaf stage | 10.13 ± 0.24 | 16.77 ± 0.31 | 15.19 ± 0.64 | 42.10 ± 2.19 | 6.39 ± 0.38 | 13.61 ± 0.66 | 9.21 ± 0.23 | 29.21 ± 1.54 | |
| Flowering stage | 18.55 ± 0.77 | 44.59 ± 1.67 | 26.11 ± 1.02 | 89.34 ± 3.34 | 8.25 ± 0.22 | 19.47 ± 0.95 | 13.81 ± 0.60 | 41.55 ± 2.11 | |
| Green berry stage | 10.86 ± 0.32 | 51.38 ± 1.95 | 37.95 ± 1.24 | 100.20 ± 3.76 | 4.63 ± 0.31 | 31.79 ± 1.31 | 18.53 ± 0.79 | 54.96 ± 2.68 | |
| Red berry stage | 6.16 ± 0.40 | 64.93 ± 2.20 | 20.39 ± 0.75 | 91.49 ± 3.68 | 5.20 ± 0.22 | 39.82 ± 1.51 | 15.14 ± 0.31 | 60.16 ± 2.66 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 3.00 ± 0.17 | 28.94 ± 1.37 | 19.76 ± 0.83 | 51.71 ± 2.55 | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 22.44 ± 0.98 | 6.45 ± 0.28 | 30.94 ± 1.11 | |
| Stems | Early leaf stage | 0.35 ± 0.09 | 4.32 ± 0.21 | 4.56 ± 0.31 | 9.24 ± 0.32 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 2.69 ± 0.04 | 2.72 ± 0.03 | 5.71 ± 0.22 |
| Opened leaf stage | 0.55 ± 0.02 | 5.66 ± 0.13 | 3.71 ± 0.08 | 9.92 ± 0.91 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 3.45 ± 0.19 | 2.20 ± 0.17 | 5.99 ± 0.39 | |
| Flowering stage | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 5.30 ± 0.15 | 4.83 ± 0.21 | 10.76 ± 0.41 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 3.32 ± 0.03 | 2.52 ± 0.11 | 6.08 ± 0.24 | |
| Green berry stage | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 7.61 ± 0.33 | 6.35 ± 0.21 | 14.30 ± 0.49 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 4.22 ± 0.17 | 2.88 ± 0.09 | 7.43 ± 0.27 | |
| Red berry stage | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 8.50 ± 0.36 | 7.65 ± 0.14 | 16.70 ± 0.69 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 5.13 ± 0.08 | 3.08 ± 0.13 | 8.46 ± 0.34 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 5.73 ± 0.21 | 3.15 ± 0.13 | 9.28 ± 0.58 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 3.09 ± 0.17 | 1.71 ± 0.14 | 4.99 ± 0.28 | |
| Roots | Early leaf stage | 5.30 ± 0.13 | 58.98 ± 2.15 | 91.91 ± 4.27 | 156.20 ± 5.28 | 4.70 ± 0.21 | 39.70 ± 1.79 | 66.80 ± 3.77 | 111.21 ± 4.23 |
| Opened leaf stage | 7.92 ± 0.24 | 64.92 ± 2.38 | 96.58 ± 3.79 | 169.47 ± 8.11 | 4.82 ± 0.25 | 43.28 ± 2.01 | 66.08 ± 2.71 | 114.19 ± 4.76 | |
| Flowering stage | 7.56 ± 0.27 | 64.94 ± 2.76 | 106.84 ± 3.91 | 179.35 ± 6.78 | 4.95 ± 0.27 | 45.40 ± 1.81 | 68.83 ± 3.89 | 119.19 ± 5.75 | |
| Green berry stage | 11.60 ± 0.37 | 75.10 ± 2.23 | 140.75 ± 3.99 | 226.42 ± 8.01 | 6.49 ± 0.25 | 47.48 ± 2.01 | 69.24 ± 2.81 | 123.22 ± 4.69 | |
| Red berry stage | 12.28 ± 0.22 | 96.83 ± 3.69 | 154.98 ± 6.51 | 264.10 ± 9.02 | 9.28 ± 0.31 | 50.42 ± 1.91 | 75.22 ± 3.03 | 134.93 ± 4.63 | |
| Yellow leaf stage | 15.33 ± 0.32 | 108.92 ± 2.98 | 187.13 ± 4.71 | 311.38 ± 12.33 | 7.62 ± 0.27 | 62.05 ± 3.11 | 99.28 ± 3.77 | 168.95 ± 9.79 | |
CE-N, cold exposure naturally; CE-3, cold exposure 3 months.