Table 5.

Comparison of overall DNA methylation levels in the leaves and hair roots at different growing stages of 3-year-old American ginseng between CE-N and CE-3

Plant tissues and growing stages		CE-N	CE-3
		5-methylcytosine (%)	5-methylcytosine (%)
Leaves	Early leaf stage	12.63 ± 0.45	15.78 ± 0.42
	Opened leaf stage	15.21 ± 0.55	17.32 ± 0.43
	Flowering stage	17.02 ± 0.37	19.23 ± 0.31
	Green berry stage	18.98 ± 0.68	19.41 ± 0.59
	Red berry stage	21.75 ± 0.61	20.75 ± 0.52
	Yellow leaf stage	24.23 ± 0.64	22.12 ± 0.57
Hair roots	Early leaf stage	13.93 ± 0.38	14.65 ± 0.45
	Opened leaf stage	16.45 ± 0.43	15.77 ± 0.37
	Flowering stage	18.25 ± 0.42	17.39 ± 0.28
	Green berry stage	18.97 ± 0.61	18.09 ± 0.55
	Red berry stage	20.67 ± 0.66	19.98 ± 0.49
	Yellow leaf stage	22.70 ± 0.39	20.57 ± 0.47

CE-N, cold exposure naturally; CE-3, cold exposure 3 months.