Fig. 3.

Findings of Dermacentor silvarum superimposed on the map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification and frequency distribution of D. silvarum occurrence. Highest frequencies of D. silvarum occurrence were observed in boreal (continental) climates with precipitation all year round (Dfb, Dfc) and boreal winter dry climates (Dwa, Dwb, Dwc). Ticks that were found in cold steppe (BSk) and warm temperate winter dry climates with hot summers (Cwa) were mostly collected before 1990, when these locations were still classified as boreal climates (see also Fig. 4)