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. 2020 Sep 3;10:14592. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71582-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental overview of glymphatic transport and cervical lymphatic solute drainage by T1 mapping. (A) The anesthetized mouse first receives paramagnetic contrast into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the cisterna magna on the bench outside the magnet. (B) The first acquisition ‘snapshot’ is obtained after ~ 1 h from the time of CSF infusion. 3D volume rendered anatomical MRI in three views are shown of a mouse head and neck highlighting the principle of capturing GS transport of Gd-DOTA into the brain (blue color) as well as drainage to the submandibular cervical lymph nodes (smLN, green color) and deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLN, magenta color) in the same image session (figure created using Amira version 6.5.0, Thermo Fischer Scientific). (C) Processed color-coded T1 map from the brain in three orthogonal planes of a mouse after CSF Gd-DOTA administration illustrating that GS transport of Gd-DOTA is captured as T1 reductions in the brain (figure created using PMOD software Version 3.908, PMOD Technologies LLC). Several T1 maps can be acquired post-injection and the anesthetized animal can also be allowed to recover from this procedure for longitudinal studies.