Table 1.
A summary of the formation of brain tumour organoids
| Year/Author | Material | Method | Generation time | Tumour | Vessels and immune cells | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional 3D culture | ||||||
| Hubert et al. 2016 [41] | patient-derived GBM CSCs | 3D culture | >2 m | GBM | No | |
| Jacob et al. 2020 [43] | GBM pieces | 3D culture; | 1-2 w | GBM | Yes | GBO |
| No extracellular matrix/EGF/bEGF | ||||||
| Gene engineered | ||||||
| Ogawa et al. 2018 [45] | hESCs | CRISPR/Cas9 | 3-4 m | GBM | No | |
| Bian et al. 2018 [44] | hESCs/iPSCs | Transposon- and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis | 1-2 m | GBM/PNET | No | neoCOR |
| Ballabio et al. 2020 [47] | hESCs/iPSCs | CRISPR/Cas9 | 35-60 d | G-3MB | No | |
| Co-culture | ||||||
| Da Silva et al. 2018 [48] | GBM cells/mESCs | Co-culture | 14 d | GBM | No | |
| Linkous et al. 2019 [46] | GSCs/hESCs/iPSCs | Co-culture | 1 m | GBM | No | GLICO |
| Krieger 2019 [49] | iPSCs/GBM cells | Co-culture | <4 w | GBM | No | |