Fig. 4.

The effects of Hup A on the brain insulin signaling pathway. a Western blot of Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) protein levels in the hippocampus of HFD and ob/ob mice. b Western blot of Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) protein levels in the cortex of HFD and ob/ob mice. c Quantification of the ratio of p-Akt/Akt protein expression according to A and B (n = 5 in each group). d The insulin levels in the cortex by ELISA (n = 4 in each group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Data are compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001