Table 4.
Variable definitions and sources
| Variable | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
| New Mortality Rate | 7-day rolling average of daily new mortality rate out ot the total population | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| Early Mortality | Cumulative mortality rate in the week following the first death | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| Early Mortality Growth | Growth rate of new mortality rate in the week following the first death | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| Peak New Mortality | New mortality rate at the peak of new mortality rate in the first quasi-bell curve | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| PD to Peak Mortality | Day-to-peak of new mortality rate in the first quasi-bell curve | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| Logged Peak Mortality-to-PD | The ratio of the logged peak new mortality rate to the PD to peak mortality | Authors’ calculation based on JHU COVID-19 Data |
| Early SI | Average of SI from its first non-zero value to the first death | Authors’ calculation based on OxCGRT Data |
| Days from First SI to First Death | Number of days from first non-zero SI to the first death | Authors’ calculation based on OxCGRT Data |
| Stringency Delta | Growth rate of SI from its first non-zero value to its maximum level | Authors’ calculation based on OxCGRT Data |
| Early Mobility | Weekly average level of mobility in terms of walking in the week prior to the first death, reported by Apple | Authors’ calculation based on Apple COVID-19 Mobility Trends Reports |
| Prop. 65+ | Elderly population (people aged 65 and over) as a percentage of the total population | World Development Indicators |
| Prop. Urban | Urban population as a percentage of the total population | World Development Indicators |
| Pop. Density | Midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers | World Development Indicators |
| Vulnerable Employment | Employment in vulnerable sectors (i.e., family workers and own-account workers) as a percentage of the total employment | World Development Indicators |
| Health Expenditure | Level of current health expenditure (including healthcare goods and services) as a percentage of GDP | World Development Indicators |
| Log(GNI) | The logged gross national income per capita | World Development Indicators |
| Pollution | Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution | World Development Indicators |
| Tourist Arrivals | International inbound tourists to the country | World Development Indicators |
| Tourist Departures | International outbound tourists from the country | World Development Indicators |
| Latitude | Latitude coordinate of the country | Country-level coordinates from Google |
| Longitude | Longitude coordinate of the country | Country-level coordinates from Google |
| Democracy | The Democracy index calculated by The Economist Intelligence Unit (2019) | The EIU Democracy Index 2019 Database |