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. 2020 Aug 21;8:771. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00771

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Copyright © 2020 Verheijen, Suttorp, van Rheden, Regan, Helmich, Kuijpers-Jagtman and Wagener.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Most HO-1 positive cells in the palatal osteogenic centers are not positive for Sox9. (A) Upper panel: Fluorescent histochemical double-stained coronal palatal section for Sox9 (red) with HO-1 (green), representative for the wt E15 and HO-2 KO E15 fetuses, e.g., HO-2 KO E15. Middle panel: Near the disintegrating MES Sox9-HO-1 double-positive-stained cells (white arrow) were sporadically found. Green panel: In the osteogenic centers near the forming nasal septum clusters some HO-1 expressing cells were found. Furthermore, some solitary HO-1 expressing cells (yellow arrow) were found. In the cartilage of the nasal septum, multiple Sox9 expressing cells were found. Red panel: The osteogenic centers in the lateral parts of the fusing palate demonstrated clusters of HO-1 expressing cells, and solitary strong HO-1 expressing cells (yellow arrows) in the mesenchyme. (B) Upper panel: Fluorescent histochemical double-stained coronal palatal section for Sox9 (red) with HO-1 (green), representative for the wt CD1 E16 and wt CD1 SnMP E16 fetuses. Middle panel: In the fusing palate clusters of HO-1, expressing cells were found within the palatal osteogenic centers. Green panel: Near the forming nasal septum clusters of HO-1 expressing cells were found. In the cartilage of the nasal septum multiple Sox9 expressing cells were found. Red panel: The osteogenic centers in the lateral parts of the fusing palate demonstrated clusters of HO-1 expressing cells.