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. 2020 Aug 21;8:771. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00771

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Copyright © 2020 Verheijen, Suttorp, van Rheden, Regan, Helmich, Kuijpers-Jagtman and Wagener.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothetical model: CXCL12-CXCR4 interplay facilitates palatal osteogenesis. We propose that the CXCL12-CXCR4 interplay facilitates osteogenesis during palatal fusion in mice. Expression of transcription factor Sox9 in osteoblast progenitors was thought to initiate differentiation into osteoblasts by promoting CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. CXCL12 expression in the midline epithelial seam could promote maturation of immature CXCR4-positive osteoblast. Sox9 progenitors maintain the CXCR4-positive osteoblast pool to drive osteogenesis. Furthermore, Sox9 expression found in the MES, possibly regulates MES disintegration by the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT).