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. 2020 Aug 21;8:771. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00771

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Copyright © 2020 Verheijen, Suttorp, van Rheden, Regan, Helmich, Kuijpers-Jagtman and Wagener.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Palatal osteogenesis during MES disintegration: (A) Upper panel: Histochemical stained coronal palatal section for ALP-activity, representative for the wt E15 and HO-2 KO E15 fetuses. Middle panel: Magnification of the central part of the fusing palate including the MES. The palatal mesenchymal cells demonstrated positive staining for ALP-activity. Green panel: Magnification of the nasal septum. A cluster of ALP-activity positive-stained mesenchymal cells was found in the region lateral from the nasal septum including some small bone matrix depositions (red arrow). Red panel: Magnification of the lateral part of the palatal shelve. A cluster of ALP-positive stained mesenchymal cells was found including small bone matrix depositions (red arrow). (B) Upper panel: Histochemical stained sections through the maxilla for ALP-activity, representative for the wt CD1 E16 and wt CD1 SnMP E16 fetuses. Middle panel: Magnification of the central part of the fusing palate. A cluster of ALP-positive stained mesenchymal cells including bone matrix depositions was found at the former location of the MES and was regarded as an osteogenic center. Green panel: Magnification of the nasal septum. A cluster of ALP-positive-stained mesenchymal cells surrounding a large area of bone matrix deposition (red arrow) was found. Red panel: Magnification of the lateral part of the palatal shelve. A cluster of ALP-positive-stained mesenchymal cells in the lateral part of the fusing palate surrounding a large area of bone matrix deposition (red arrow) was found.