Table 2. Study operations across groups.
| Usual Care Group (n=15) | HELP-Based System
(n=15) |
Family-Based System (n=15) | Combined Systems (n=15) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative phase | |||
| Standard Care | Standard Care | Preoperative delirium
education, materials, FAM-CAM training |
Preoperative delirium
education, materials, FAM-CAM training |
| Intraoperative phase | |||
| Standard Care | Standard Care | Standard Care | Standard Care |
| Postoperative care | |||
| HELP evaluation and
treatment per ward routine |
HELP pager alerts | Daily family pager alerts | HELP pager alerts and
associated activities |
| Standard care otherwise | Early evaluation request | FAM-CAM | Family pager alerts and
associated activities |
| Enhanced therapeutic
protocol request |
Family-based behavioral/social
support and prevention activities |
||
HELP = Hospital Elder Life Program; FAM-CAM = Family Confusion Assessment Method.