Table 4.
Risk for f-UTI development (postoperative increase in CRP, WBC, and hospitalisation).
| Postoperative CRP increase | Postoperative WBC increase | Postoperative hospitalisation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| coefficient (95% CI) | SE | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | SE | p value | Coefficient (95% CI) | SE | p value | |
| Total | |||||||||
| Age | 0.01 (− 0.01–0.02) | 0.01 | 0.48 | − 0.01 (− 0.03–0.01) | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| BMI | 0.00 (− 0.02–0.02) | 0.01 | 0.87 | 0.01 (− 0.02–0.04) | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.00 (− 0.02–0.02) | 0.01 | 0.69 |
| Surgical hand hygiene | − 0.13 (− 0.58–0.31) | 0.22 | 0.55 | 0.32 (− 0.27–0.9) | 0.3 | 0.29 | 0.18 (− 0.19–0.56) | 0.19 | 0.33 |
| Preoperative CRP | 0.47 (0.29–0.66) | 0.09 | < 0.01 | 0.04 (− 0.2–0.28) | 0.12 | 0.73 | 0.07 (− 0.1–0.23) | 0.08 | 0.42 |
| Preoperative WBC | 0.09 (− 0.03–0.21) | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.53 (0.37–0.69) | 0.08 | < 0.01 | − 0.07 (− 0.18–0.03) | 0.05 | 0.17 |
| Preoperative pyuria | 0.12 (− 0.34–0.57) | 0.23 | 0.61 | 0.02 (− 0.59–0.62) | 0.31 | 0.95 | − 0.01 (− 0.4–0.39) | 0.2 | 0.97 |
| Preoperative ureteral stent | 1.13 (0.31–1.95) | 0.42 | < 0.01 | 0.04 (− 1.05–1.13) | 0.55 | 0.95 | 0.42 (− 0.29 to − 1.13) | 0.36 | 0.25 |
| Operation time | 0.01 (0–0.01) | 0 | 0.02 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0 | < 0.01 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 0 | < 0.01 |
| Postoperative ureteral stent | 0.53 (− 0.02–1.09) | 0.28 | 0.06 | − 0.34 (− 1.08–0.41) | 0.38 | 0.37 | − 0.49 (− 0.95–0.02) | 0.24 | 0.04 |
| Postoperative nephrostomy | 0.60 (− 0.24–1.44) | 0.43 | 0.16 | − 0.54 (− 1.66–0.57) | 0.57 | 0.34 | 1.67 (0.89–2.44) | 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| URS | |||||||||
| Surgical hand hygiene | 0.62 (− 0.33–1.57) | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.66 (− 0.83–2.15) | 0.75 | 0.38 | 0.58 (− 0.12–1.28) | 0.35 | 0.10 |
| Operation time | 0.00 (− 0.01–0.01) | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.01 (− 0.01–0.03) | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.01 (0–0.03) | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Total stone size | 0.00 (0–0.01) | 0 | 0.42 | 0.00 (0–0.02) | 0 | 0.15 | 0.00 (0–0.02) | 0 | 0.39 |
| Preoperative ureteral stent | 1.95 (0.9–3) | 0.53 | < 0.01 | − 0.77 (− 2.46–0.92) | 0.85 | 0.37 | 1.03 (0.04–2.03) | 0.5 | 0.04 |
| Postoperative ureteral stent | − 2.10 (− 4.34–0.13) | 1.13 | 0.06 | − 5.65 (− 9.26 to − 2.04) | 1.82 | < 0.01 | − 3.65 (− 5.62 to − 1.69) | 1 | < 0.01 |
| ECIRS | |||||||||
| Surgical hand hygiene | − 0.46 (− 1.97–1.06) | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.08 (− 1.3–1.46) | 0.69 | 0.91 | − 0.15 (− 0.98–0.68) | 0.42 | 0.73 |
| Operation time | − 0.01 (− 0.03–0.01) | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.00 (− 0.01–0.02) | 0.01 | 0.57 | 0.01 (0–0.02) | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Total stone size | 0.00 (0–0.01) | 0 | 0.19 | 0.00 (0–0.01) | 0 | 0.49 | 0.00 (0–0.01) | 0 | 0.11 |
| Postoperative ureteral stent | 1.96 (− 0.23–4.15) | 1.1 | 0.07 | − 0.38 (− 2.38–1.61) | 1 | 0.71 | − 0.15 (− 1.35–1.04) | 0.6 | 0.80 |
| Postoperative nephrostomy | 0.88 (− 0.82–2.58) | 0.86 | 0.31 | − 1.47 (− 3.02–0.08) | 0.78 | 0.06 | 1.43 (0.5–2.37) | 0.47 | < 0.01 |
With respect to postoperative increase in CRP, WBC count, and the period of hospitalisation, multivariate analyses were performed for patient age, BMI, surgical hand hygiene, preoperative CRP, pyuria, WBC count, indwelling Foley catheter and ureter stent, operation time, postoperative indwelling ureter stent, and nephrostomy using liner regression analysis. Regarding URS and ECIRS, multivariate analyses were performed to compare the above perioperative parameters related to f-UTIs in surgical hand hygiene, operation time, total stone size, and the preoperative and/or postoperative indwelling of ureter stent and nephrostomy. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, ECIRS endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery, f-UTIs febrile urinary tract infections, SE standard error, URS ureteroscopy for a stone, WBC white blood cell.