Table 2.
Concentrations (pg/mL) of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the serum of CD, UC, and control patients.
| CD | UC | Control | p-value* | CD vs. UC† | CD vs. controls† | UC vs. controls† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine panel | ||||||||
| IFN-γ | 18.59 (15.14–45.39) | 24.37 (8.68–42.78) | 33.14 (10.94–117.96) | |||||
| IL-1β | 0.72 (0.43–8.03) | 0.24 (0.06–1.05) | 0.25 (0.16–0.62) | < 0.001 | n.s | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-2 | 1.79 (1.02–2.58) | 1.02 (0.75–3.14) | 1.41 (0.39–6.44) | |||||
| IL-4 | 1.86 (1.22–2.76) | 1.19 (0.45–2.47) | 0.87 (0.60–1.76) | < 0.01 | n.s | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-6 | 6.94 (1.88–23.73) | 2.20 (0.61–6.48) | 1.40 (0.01–4.39) | < 0.001 | < 0.05 | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-10 | 9.82 (5.03–21.18) | 3.84 (0.49–16.95) | 3.92 (0.34–14.8) | < 0.05 | n.s | < 0.05 | n.s | |
| IL-13 | 4.17 (2.94–7.46) | 2.52 (0.35–6.29) | 2.28 (0.41–6.32) | < 0.01 | < 0.05 | < 0.01 | n.s | |
| TNF-α | 22.76 (9.43–43.45) | 7.44 (0.58–17.08) | 5.41 (0.39–32.66) | < 0.01 | n.s | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-1ra | 27.4 (1.66–60.7) | 1.81 (1.18–40.21) | 1.58 (1.18–2.28) | < 0.01 | n.s | n.s | n.s | |
| IL-5 | 6.98 (0.38–8.4) | 0.47 (0.02–7.55) | 0.44 (0.06–2.5) | < 0.01 | n.s | < 0.01 | n.s | |
| IL-7 | 6.4 (4.07–11.84) | 4.01 (0.66–4.57) | 2.28 (0.35–8.06) | < 0.001 | < 0.01 | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-9 | 18.89 (13.92–31.83) | 15.87 (4.89–19.93) | 10.25 (3.41–44.28) | |||||
| IL-12 | 21.77 (3.99–40.41) | 2.49 (0.46–10.85) | 1.45 (0.06–3.63) | < 0.001 | n.s | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| IL-15 | 0.02 (0.02–3.23) | 0.59 (0.01–1.5) | 0.51 (0.06–2.55) | |||||
| IL-17 | 26.89 (20.59–49.16) | 30.05 (10.55–45.49) | 19.77 (3.84–76.79) | |||||
| Chemokine panel | ||||||||
| IL-8 | 6.95 (3.53–2,175.5) | 8.96 (1.83–22.0) | 4.19 (1.15–37.95) | < 0.05 | n.s | n.s | n.s | |
| Eotaxin | 29.32 (17.83–38.69) | 26.33 (6.84–41.66) | 10.84 (0.73–63.28) | |||||
| IP-10 | 380.67 (183.63–681.66) | 205.68 (142.24–418.05) | 148.96 (41.0–875.6) | < 0.01 | n.s | n.s | n.s | |
| MCP-1 | 2.72 (1.07–26.07) | 3.06 (0.5–9.21) | 5.04 (1.55–19.92) | |||||
| MIP-1α | 4.26 (0.78–52.31) | 2.01 (0.17–3.82) | 1.96 (0.04–6.33) | |||||
| MIP-1β | 40.65 (16.92–567.33) | 33.31 (10.72–54.02) | 25.34 (3.97–81.01) | |||||
| Growth factors | ||||||||
| G-CSF | 10.32 (6.51–16.49) | 8.97 (1.68–22.22) | 2.94 (1.59–6.44) | < 0.001 | n.s | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| GM-CSF | 4.91 (1.18–13.72) | 6.99 (1.67–14.36) | 7.91 (1.27–29.27) | |||||
| VEGF | 77.34 (37.83–193.24) | 17.47 (2.55–121.4) | 31.1 (1.13–71.31) | < 0.01 | < 0.05 | < 0.001 | n.s | |
| FGF-basic | 9.85 (8.02–22.53) | 5.0 (3.49–18.93) | 5.92 (0.10–38.03) | < 0.05 | n.s | < 0.01 | n.s | |
Data are presented as median or numbers (proportions). Differences between the three groups were statistically compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test (*). P-value shows the results of Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (†).
ns not significant, CD Crohn’s disease, UC ulcerative colitis, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TNF tumour necrosis factor, ra receptor antagonist, IP-10 IFN-γ-induced protein 10, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, MIP macrophage inflammatory protein, G-CSF granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, FGF fibroblast growth factor.