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. 2020 Sep 3;10:14598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71548-z

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Development of human skin and immune cells in the human Skin and Immune System-humanized NSG mouse model. (A) Representative histological (H&E) analysis of the human skin in human Skin and Immune System-humanized NSG mice (n = 4) demonstrate the development of human adult-like skin, including the dermis, multicellular layer (> 5 layers) epidermis, and cornified envelope. Representative histological (H&E) analysis of the mouse skin demonstrate a thin-layer of epidermal cells, with a thin dermal layer. (B) Various human skin cells are present in the human skin, including keratinocytes (AE1/AE3+ cells, hCytokeratins+ cells), dermal fibroblasts (TE7+ cells, hFibroblast+ cells), cutaneous immune cells (hCD45+ cells), and Langerhans cells (hCD207+); alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing blood vessel cells (hα-SMA+ cells) are present in the human skin xenograft and expand during wound healing and contract after healing (n = 4). The black arrows denote representative IHC+ cells. (C) Representative histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the human spleen and thymus (both under the kidney capsule) in human Skin and Immune System-humanized NSG mice demonstrate the development of those lymphoid tissues at ten weeks post-transplantation, with human macrophages (hCD68+), T cells (hCD3+), B cells (hCD20+) present in the tissues (n = 4) Scale bars: 200 μm.