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. 2020 Sep 3;10:14598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71548-z

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Development of human skin and immune cells in the human Skin and Immune System-humanized SRG rat model. Representative immunohistochemical analysis of the human skin in the human Skin and Immune System-humanized rat (n = 4) demonstrates the development of human skin, including dermis, multi-layered (> 5 layers) epidermis, and cornified envelope, which are hallmarks of adult-human skin (Adult-hSkin) (n = 2) (A). Various human skin cells are present in the human skin, including keratinocytes (AE1/AE3+ cells, hCytokeratins+ cells), dermal fibroblasts (TE7+ cells, hFibroblast+ cells), cutaneous immune cells (hCD45+ cells), and Langerhans cells (hCD207+; black arrows denote IHC+ cells) (n = 4). (B) Representative histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the human thymus (under the kidney capsule) in the human Skin and Immune System-humanized SRG rat demonstrates the development of human thymus tissue at nine months post-transplantation, with human immune cells (human CD45+), including (C) high levels of T cells (hCD3+) and macrophages (hCD68+) (n = 4). (D) The rat spleen in the human Skin and Immune System-humanized SRG rat model (n = 4) is also reconstituted with human immune cells (Humans CD45+); non-transplanted (NTP) SRG rat (n = 2) was used as a staining control. Scale bars: 200 μm.