Table 3.

Comparison of the cyber defense capabilities of our proposed mutual authentication mechanism and the most recent PUF-based mutual authentication methods.

Security Feature	Mughal et al. [6]	Aman et al. [1]	Alizai et al. [7]	Han and Kim [8]	Xu et al. [32]	Banerjee et al. [33]	Proposed Mechanism
Utilized security algorithms	PUF and Encryption and Hash algorithms	PUF and Encryption and Hash algorithms	Functional Operation and Encryption and Hash	Encryption (Block Cipher algorithm)	PUF and Encryption	PUF and Hash algorithm and XOR operation	PUF and Hash algorithm
Number of security methods used	3	3	3	1	2	3	2
Two-Factor Authentication	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Resilience to replay attack	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resilience to machine learning attack	No	Yes	No	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Resilience to Man–in-the-middle attack	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resilience to invasive attack	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resilience to firmware attack	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Resilience to spoofing attack	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resilience to eavesdropping attack	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes