Table 2.
Studies reporting the effect of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment on peripheral T cell phenotype or function in chronic HCV infection.
| Reference | HCV Genotype | Number of Subjects | Effect of Treatment/Effect of Successful Treatment | Follow-up | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shrivastava et al. [97] | 1 | 22 HIV/HCV co-infected | Effect of successful treatment | 12 weeks after the end of treatment (EOT) (sustained virologic response (SVR) 12) | ↓ PD1 and TIGIT expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ↓ Eomeshi T-betlo CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ↑ T-bethi Eomeslo CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ↓ BLIMP-1 expression on CD4+ T cells ↓ CD38 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ↑ Tem (effector memory) population ↓ naïve T cell subset |
| Burchill et al. [98] | 1a/1b | 19 | Effect of successful treatment | 24 weeks post-EOT (SVR24) | ↑ frequency of CD4+ T cells; ↓ expression of TIGIT on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; ↑ percentage of Tem in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compartments |
| Najafi Fard et al. [99] | 1–4 | HCV mono-infection n = 18; HCV/HIV-1 co-infection (n = 17) |
Effect of successful treatment | 12 weeks post-EOT (SVR12) |
↑ peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 no significant impact on the status of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation |
| Meissner et al. [100] | 1 | 95 | Effect of treatment | up to 20 weeks after treatment initiation | ↑ peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells early after treatment initiation ↓ HLA-DR+CD38+ T-cells during observation ↑ expression CXCR3 on T cells early after treatment initiation |
| Lattanzi et al. [101] | 1–4 | 45 | Effect of treatment | at first month of treatment (T1), at EOT (T2) and 12 weeks post-EOT (T3, SVR12) | stable percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at T1 when compared to baseline ↓ HLA-DR+ CD38+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at T3 with respect to baseline |
| Emmanuel et al. [102] | NA | HCV mono-infection (n = 161); HIV/HCV co-infection (n = 59) |
Effect of successful treatment | 1 or 2 years post-SVR | ↓ HLA-DR+CD38+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both HCV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection |
| Vranjkovic et al. [103] |
NA | 18 | Effect of successful treatment | 24 weeks post-SVR12 | phenotypic distribution of peripheral CD8+ T cell subsets in patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F4) different from those with minimal fibrosis (F0-1) which remained unchanged after viral elimination sustained hyperfunctional activity (perforin production and cytotoxicity) of CD8+ T cell subsets in patients with liver fibrosis (F4) up to a year post-treatment initiation sustained elevated concentrations of systemic inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of TGF-β in plasma of patients with liver fibrosis (F4) |
↑—increase; ↓—decrease; NA—not available.