Table 6.
Summary of trial studies on dengue treatment.
| Component | Dose(s) | Group Arm (T/P) * | Endpoint(s) | Main Finding(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate | 300 mg infusion (day 1 and 2), followed by 150 mg (day 3) | Children 45/50 |
Primary: Reduction in number of patients experiencing shock or pleural effusion | There was no significant difference in shock or pleural effusion between groups | [227] |
| Chloroquine | 600 mg loading dose followed by 600 mg (day 2) and 300mg (day 3) per oral | Adult 153/154 |
Primary: Time to resolution of viremia and NS1 antigenemia Secondary: Fever clearance time (FCT), the mean maximum% hemoconcentration and the proportion treated with intravenous fluid, became DHF, experienced with grade 3 or 4 adverse events, experienced vomiting and required blood transfusion. |
There was no significant difference in primary endpoints between groups. Chloroquine was associated with reduction in FCT (intention-to-treat only), significantly less people developed DHF and vomiting. There was no significant finding for other secondary endpoints. |
[232] |
| Prednisolone | (1). 2 mg/kg orally for 3 days (2). 0.5 mg/kg orally for 3 days |
Children and young adults (1) 75/75 (2) 75/75 |
Primary: Clinical: The proportion of patients experiencing development of DSS or need for ICU admission and clinical bleeding. Hematological: Hyperglycemia, the platelet nadir, the maximum hematocrit between day 3 and day 8. Virological: Viremia and the viremia clearance time. |
Hyperglycemia was higher in treatment groups (2 mg/kg). There was no significant findings of pre-defined clinical, hematological, or virological endpoints for both dose groups. |
[228] |
| Balapiravir | (1). 3000 mg orally for 5 days (2). 1500 mg orally for 5 days |
Adult (1) 22/32 (2) 10/32 |
Primary: Clinical signs and routine laboratory markers, plasma concentrations of 10 immune response components and viremia | There was no significant difference in all primary endpoints between groups. | [233] |
| Recombinant human IL-11 | 1.5 mg subcutaneously single dose | Adult 20/20 |
Primary: Increase in platelet count at 48 h | The increase of platelets in patients with severe thrombocytopenia was greater in the treatment group | [231] |
| Single donor platelet transfusion | Approximately 5 × 1011 platelets | Adult 43/44 |
Primary: Platelet count increments at 24 and 72 h. Secondary: Clinical parameters and AEs |
The primary endpoints were significantly higher in the treatment group. Platelet transfusion did not prevent severe bleeding or shorten time to cessation of bleeding. Single donor platelet transfusion was associated with significant AEs. |
[230] |
| Celgosivir | 400 mg loading dose followed by 200 mg every 12 h orally (total nine doses) | Adult 24/26 |
Primary: Mean virological log reduction from baseline for days 2, 3, and 4, and area under the curve for a temperature above 37 °C from 0 h to 96 h. Secondary: AEs, hematological markers, NS1 clearance time |
There was no significant difference in the primary endpoints between groups. There is no significant difference in AEs and hematological markers between groups but NS1 clearance time was substantially shorter in the treatment group. |
[234] |
| Lovastatin | 40 mg for 5 days orally | Adult 14/16 |
Primary: Safety | There was no difference in incidence of AEs between groups | [239] |
| Lovastatin | 80 mg for 5 days orally | Adult 149/151 |
Primary: Safety Secondary: Disease progression rates, fever clearance time, and measures of plasma viremia and quality of life. |
No difference in AEs and serious AEs observed between groups. There was no difference between groups of any secondary endpoints. |
[240] |
* T/P: treatment/placebo; AE: Adverse event, DHF: dengue hemorrhagic fever, DSS: dengue shock syndrome, ICU: intensive care unit, NS1: non-structural protein 1.