AA	Ascorbic acid
ABTS	2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)
AKCN	Alkalized graphitic carbon nitride
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
AOx	Alcohol oxidase
AP	Acetamidophenol
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
Au/Co@HNCF	Gold/cobalt nanoporous carbon framework
AuNBP/MWCNTs Fer/rGO	Gold nanobipyramids supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes ferumoxytol and reduced graphene oxide
BET	Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
BG	Bucky gel consisting of carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid
biot-GOx	Biotinylated glucose oxidase
BNNS@CuS	Boron nitride nanosheet and copper sulfide nanohybrids
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
C60[C(COOH)2]2	C60-carboxyfullerene
CeNPs	Nanoceria particles
CF@CuAl-LDH	Carbon fiber-supported ultrathin cual layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanosheets
CF-H-Au	Carbon microfibers-hemin-gold nanoparticles
CMC@Pd/Al-LDH	Pd/Al layered double hydroxide/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite;
CNE	Carbon nanoelectrodes fabricated within a quartz nanopipette and electrochemically etched
CNFs	Carbon nanofibers
CNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
COx	Cholesterol oxidase
CP	Carbon paste
CPS	Carbon paste sensors
CQDs	Carbon quantum dots
cTnI	Cardiac troponin I
CTMB	Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Cu-Cys	Copper(II) complex of cysteine
Cu-MOG	Cu-based metal-organic gel
CuNWs/rGO	One-dimensional copper nanowires and two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide nanosheets
DA	Dopamine
2,4-DCP	2,4-Dichlorophenol
3D GNCs	3D graphene-supported quantum dots
3DG	Three-dimensional graphene
DBD	Diamond Boron-doped
EMSN-AuNPs	Expanded mesoporous silica-encapsulated gold nanoparticles
ENC	Electronanocatalyst
ERGO	Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide
FePP	Iron porphyrins
GBR	Metal-free brominated graphene
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GCE/MWCNTs-Av/RuNPs/biot-GOx	Glassy carbon electrode/avidin-functionalized multi-walled carbon/nanotubes/Ru nanoparticles/biotinylated glucose oxidase
GDCh	Glucose derived sheet-like carbons
GE	Graphite electrode
GNP/Cu-Cys	Gold nanoparticles with the copper(II) complex of cysteine
GNPs	Gold nanoparticles
GNs	Graphene nanosheets
GO	Graphene oxide
GOx	Glucose oxidase
GOx/PtNP/PAni/Pt	Glucose Sensor Based on Pt Nanoparticle/Polyaniline Hydrogel
H2TCPP	meso-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin
HCC	Carbon cubic nanomaterial
HCF	Hexacyanoferrate
h-CuS NCs	Hollow copper sulfide nanocubes
H-GNs	Hemin-graphene hybrid nanosheets
His@AuNCs	Histidine-capped gold nanoclusters
HNCs	Hollow nanocubes
H-rGO-Au	Hemin-graphene-gold nanoparticles
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
H/WS2-NSs	Hemin-functionalized/Tungsten disulfide nanosheets
ITO	Indium tin oxide
L-Cys	L-Cysteine
LOD	Limit of detection
LOx	Lactate oxidase
LR	Linear range
MCM-41	Mobil composition of matter No. 41
MCNs	Mesoporous carbon nanospheres
MCP	Microchannel plate
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
MMT	Montmorillonite
MC	Magnetic carbon
Mn-MPSA-HCC	Mn nanomaterials: hollow carbon cubic
Mn-MPSA-HCS	Mn nanomaterials: hollow carbon sphere
MOFs	Metal-Organic Frameworks
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
MWCNTs-Av	Avidin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NCs	Nanoclusters
NCF	Nitrogen doped cotton carbon fiber composite
N-CNFht	Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers
NFs	Nanoflakes
NPs	Nanoparticles
NTH	Nanotetrahedron
NW/CF	Nanowires/copper foam
NZ	Nanozyme
OPD	o-Phenylenediamine
PAni	Polyaniline
PANI/MXene	Polyaniline and Ti3C2Tx
PB	Prussian Blue
PEG-HCCs	Poly(ethylene glycolated) hydrophilic carbon clusters
PFOP	Heptadecafluoro-n-octyl bromide
PMMA	Poly(methylmethacrylate)
PNAANI	Poly(N-acetylaniline)
PO	Natural horseradish peroxidase
RDE	Rotating disk electrode
RGO	Reduced graphene oxide
rGO	Reduced graphene oxide
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SPCE	Screen-printed carbon electrode
TMB	3,5,3′,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine
UA	Uric acid
WCC	Tungsten carbide decorated by cobalt nanoparticles
YSNs	Yolk-shell nanostructures
ZIF	Zeolitic imidazolate framework
β-CD	β-Cyclodextrin