Table 3.
Clinical details of patients with acute adverse reactions associated with the administration of antivenom.
| Characteristics | Patient No. | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | |
| Age (years)/Sex | 62/Male | 65/Male |
| Comorbidities | None | None |
| Snake species | Unknown | Gloydius intermedius |
| Bite site | Hand | Hand |
| Grade classification | III | V |
| Symptoms | Hand pain, dizziness | Hand pain, swelling |
| Initial vital signs | ||
| SBP/DBP (mmHg) | 127/76 | 149/91 |
| HR (beats/min) | 77 | 68 |
| RR (breaths/min) | 18 | 18 |
| BT (°C) | 36.6 | 37.7 |
| Blood oxygen saturation (%) | 100 | 100 |
| Mental status | Alert | Alert |
| Antivenom administration | ||
| Location | ED | ED |
| Pretreatment | No | No |
| Infusion rate (units/min) | 50 | 40 |
| Dose (units) | 4000 | 1200 |
| Adverse reactions after antivenom | ||
| Onset (min) | 80 | 30 |
| Symptoms | Nausea, dizziness, diaphoresis, hypotension | Nausea, dizziness, diaphoresis, hypotension |
| Vital signs after adverse reactions | ||
| SBP/DBP (mmHg) | 88/55 | 80/60 |
| HR (beats/min) | 60 | 65 |
| RR (breaths/min) | 18 | 18 |
| BT (°C) | Not checked | Not checked |
| Blood oxygen saturation (%) | 100 | 100 |
| Mental status | Alert | Alert |
| Treatment for adverse reactions | Supportive care | Antihistamines, corticosteroids, adrenaline |
| Additional antivenom | No | Yes |
| Dose (units) | 12,000 | |
| Location | ICU | |
SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = heart rate; RR = respiratory rate; BT = body temperature; ED = emergency department, ICU = intensive care unit.