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. 2020 Aug 7;20(16):4407. doi: 10.3390/s20164407

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

E-skins produced through laser engraving technique. (a) E-skin developed by Rui Igreja and co-workers in 2018 [22] (Copyright © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany). (b) SEM image of micro-cones of the e-skin in (a) [22] (Copyright © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany). (c) SEM image of triangular microprisms produced by Zhong Lin Wang and co-workers in 2018 (scale bar = 0.5 mm) [40] (Copyright © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany). (d) SEM image of triangular lines produced by Fuzhen Xuan and co-workers in 2018 [37] (© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved). (e) SEM image of semi-spheres produced by Rui Igreja and co-workers in 2019 [247]. (f) SEM image of short micro-ridges produced by Fuzhen Xuan in 2019 [250] (Copyright © 2020, IOP Publishing). (g) SEM image of hemispherical microstructures produced by Tong Zhang in 2020 (used with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry, from [253]; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.).