Table 3.

Risk of bias for each trial included

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants	Blinding of personnel/care providers	Blinding of outcome assessor	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Group similarity at baseline	Co-interventions	Compliance	Intention-to-treat analysis	Timing of outcome assessments	Other Bias
Bischoff et al. [23]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	0	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	Unclear	1	Unclear
Blumenkopf [31]	0	Unclear	1	0	0	1	1	Unclear	1	Unclear	1	1	Unclear
Bourne et al. [32]	Unclear	1	1	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Egan et al. [27]	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear
Gögenur et al. [33]	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1
Gong et al. [28]	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Hershberger and Milad [34]	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	Unclear
Jacobsen et al. [29]	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	0	1	0
Krenk et al. [24]	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
Nott et al. [26]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	0	Unclear	1	1	Unclear	1	1
Riediger et al. [35]	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Sajedi et al. [30]	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1
Singh et al. [36]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	Unclear	Unclear	1	1	1	1	Unclear
Tashjian et al. [25]	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	1	Unclear
Tompkins et al. [13]	Unclear	1	1	1	1	1	1	Unclear	1	Unclear	1	1	0