Table 1.
Overview over different approaches of hypertrophy induction methods and used cell sources in in vitro models and the investigated pathway of the study.
| Cell source | Hypertrophy Model | Involved pathways | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, Ang II, PE | AMPK pathway, O-GlcNAc signalling | (Gelinas et al., 2018) |
| Adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, PE | AMPK pathway, O-GlcNAc signalling | (Gelinas et al., 2018) |
| Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, PE | Protein kinase D (PKD) knockdown, AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, autophagy | (Zhao et al., 2020) |
| Murine neonatal cardiomyocytes | Micro ridges vs 2D cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, PE | Cardiomyocyte morphology on 3D surfaces – F-Actin, Myomesin, Actinin | (Jain et al., 2018) |
| H9c2 cardiomyocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, Iso | ANP, BNP, ROS, 3-nitrotyrosine and p67 (phox), MMP, (p)ERK1/2, (p)p38, (p)JNK | (Zhang et al., 2016) |
| Primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, PE, ET1, Iso, Ang II | Myocyte area, protein-bound SRB fluorescence | (Loonat et al., 2019) |
| hiPSC from dermal fibroblasts edited with Crispr/Cas9 | 2D Cell culture/3D matrigel mattress, Mutational hypertrophy, heterozygous Ca-sensitizing TnT-I79N mutation | TnT-I79N protein levels, cytosolic Ca buffering and electrophysiology | (Wang et al., 2017) |
| Rat ventricular cardiomyocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, Ang II | GATA4 and miR-26a (also β-MHC and ANF) | (Liu et al., 2016) |
| Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, Ang II | β-catenin, NFATc3, WNT pathway | (Jiang et al., 2018) |
| H9c2 cardiomyocytes | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, NA | Mitochondrial KATP channel, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidant status, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase | (Guven, 2018) |
| Porcine cardiac progenitor cells | 2D Cell culture, Chemical hypertrophy, Ang II, ET1 | MiR-21, MiR-29a, GATA4, and MEF2c Expression | (Zlabinger et al., 2019) |
Ang II, Angiotensin II; PE, Phenylephrine; Iso, Isoproterenol; ET1, Endothelin-1; NA, Noradrenaline.