Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Toda-Yamamoto causality tests results
| Dep. variable | PCGDP | CO2 | NO2 | PM2.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCGDP | - | 2.125 (0.250) | 2.265 (0.300) | 2.150 (0.450) |
| CO2 | 11.450*** (0.000) | - | 0.607 (0.450) | 0.845 (0.350) |
| NO2 | 11.159*** (0.000) | 2.305 (0.380) | - | 3.402 (0.450) |
| PM2.5 | 10.260*** (0.000) | 3.120 (0.280) | 0.848 (0.500) | - |
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01
