Table 1.
A summary of the factors affecting PTSD treatment outcome.
| Factors associated with Treatment Outcome | Number of studies with a negative association with treatment outcome | Number of studies with a positive association with treatment outcome | Number of studies with no association with treatment outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factors considered in two or more studies | |||
| Adherence to homework | 2 | 1 | |
| Age (younger) | 3 | ||
| Concurrent psychotropic medication | 2 | ||
| Diagnosis of anxiety | 1 | ||
| Diagnosis of depression | 2 | ||
| Gender of participant | 6 | ||
| Higher education | 1 | 5 | |
| Higher severity of PTSD at baseline | 1 | 7 | |
| Less time since trauma | 2 | 3 | |
| Low income | 2 | ||
| Lower severity of PTSD at baseline | 1 | ||
| Married | 1 | 3 | |
| Number of psychotherapy sessions/modules | 3 | ||
| Unemployment | 2 | ||
| Factors considered in one study only | |||
| Ability to describe internal experiences | 1 | ||
| Ethnicity (non-Hispanic white or other) | 1 | ||
| Greater dorsal lateral activation | 1 | ||
| Greater startle response during virtual reality | 1 | ||
| High emotional regulation (anger management and general emotion regulation capacity) | 1 | ||
| History of psychiatric illness | 1 | ||
| Improvement in negative regulation | 1 | ||
| Interpreter presence during therapy | 1 | ||
| Received higher no of psychotherapy treatment previously | 1 | ||
| Reduction in depression and anxiety over the course of therapy | 1 | ||
| Refugee status | 1 | ||
| Stressors outside of therapy (not specified) | 1 | ||
| Therapeutic alliance | 1 | ||
| Therapist gender | 1 | ||
| Therapy type (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) versus Imaginal Exposure and Cognitive Restructuring (E+ CR) | 1 | ||
| Type of trauma | 1 | ||