Table 8.
Characterization of grape marcs and derived products.
| Compound(s) | PSAN | PSAG | PSAG-DP | SSAG-DP | SGR-C | LIOP-PH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mg/g dried vegetal material | ||||||
| Delphinidin-3-glucoside | 0.0062 ± 0.0003 | 0.086 ± 0.005 | 0.040 ± 0.002 | nd | nd | 0.028 ± 0.001 |
| Cyanidin-3-glucoside | 0.0180 ± 0.0006 | 0.0172 ± 0.0006 | 0.079 ± 0.003 | nd | nd | 0.0021 ± 0.0001 |
| Petunidin-3-glucoside | 0.0202 ± 0.0007 | 0.101 ± 0.002 | 0.064 ± 0.002 | nd | nd | 0.038 ± 0.002 |
| Peonidin-3-glucoside | 0.186 ± 0.002 | 0.041 ± 0.002 | 0.265 ± 0.006 | nd | nd | 0.0173 ± 0.0007 |
| Malvidin-3-glucoside | 0.171 ± 0.003 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.249 ± 0.005 | nd | nd | 0.224 ± 0.008 |
| Cyanidin-3-acetyl glucoside | nd | 0.022 ± 0.001 | 0.0073 ± 0.0004 | nd | nd | nd |
| Peonidin-3-acetyl glucoside | 0.189 ± 0.002 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Malvidin-3-acetyl glucoside | 0.234 ± 0.006 | 0.057 ± 0.002 | 0.078 ± 0.004 | nd | nd | nd |
| Malvidin-3-caffeoyl glucoside | nd | nd | 0.0124 ± 0.0005 | nd | nd | nd |
| Petunidin-3-cumaroyl glucoside | nd | nd | 0.0160 ± 0.0006 | nd | nd | nd |
| Peonidin-3-coumaroyl glucoside | nd | nd | 0.022 ± 0.001 | nd | nd | nd |
| Malvidin-3-coumaroyl glucoside | nd | 0.380 ± 0.008 | 0.098 ± 0.004 | nd | nd | 0.195 ± 0.008 |
| Other anthocyanins (expressed as malvidin-3-glucoside) | 0.206 ± 0.004 | 0.270 ± 0.008 | nd | nd | nd | 0.188 ± 0.005 |
| Delphinidin aglycone | 1.13 ± 0.01 | nd | 0.287 ± 0.005 | nd | nd | nd |
| Gallic acid | 0.032 ± 0.002 | 0.077 ± 0.001 | 0.0191 ± 0.0008 | 0.036 ± 0.002 | 0.0039 ± 0.0002 | 0.142 ± 0.004 |
| Catechin dimer B3 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.152 ± 0.008 | nd | 1.51 ± 0.02 | 2.22 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.01 |
| Catechin | 0.199 ± 0.004 | 0.082 ± 0.003 | 0.0303 ± 0.0009 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | (1.10 ± 0.02) x 10 | nd |
| Catechin trimer | 0.39 ± 0.02 | nd | nd | 0.434 ± 0.009 | 3.21 ± 0.06 | 1.03 ± 0.03 |
| Catechin dimer B6 | nd | nd | nd | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 2.61 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.01 |
| Catechin dimer B2 | 0.212 ± 0.009 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | nd | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 5.37 ± 0.09 | 0.19 ± 0.01 |
| Epicatechin | 0.234 ± 0.008 | nd | 0.032 ± 0.001 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | (1.36 ± 0.03) x 10 | 0.073 ± 0.002 |
| Catechin trimer | nd | 0.216 ± 0.006 | nd | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | nd |
| ECG dimers | nd | nd | 0.89 ± 0.02 | 1.47 ± 0.06 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | nd |
| Epicatechin gallate | nd | nd | nd | nd | 6.1 ± 0.2 | nd |
| Catechin oligomers expressed as tetramers | 1.80 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | nd | (1.70 ± 0.02) × 10 | (5.49 ± 0.08) × 10 | 2.46 ± 0.05 |
| ECG dimers | nd | 3.00 ± 0.03 | nd | (1.27 ± 0.04) × 10 | (1.81 ± 0.03) × 102 | 5.09 ± 0.09 |
| Catechin/epicatechin trimers digallated | 8.68 ± 0.09 | (1.21 ± 0.01) × 10 | (1.07 ± 0.01) × 10 | (3.18 ± 0.06) × 10 | (5.3 ± 0.1) × 102 | (1.48 ± 0.02) × 10 |
| Flavonols expressed as kaempferol 3-O-glucoside | 0.138 ± 0.005 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Total polyphenols | (1.46 ± 0.02) × 10 | (1.83 ± 0.02) × 10 | (1.29 ± 0.02) × 10 | (6.9 ± 0.2) × 10 | (8.2 ± 0.2) × 102 | (2.51 ± 0.04) × 10 |
PSAN, Dried grape marcs (Sangiovese); PSAG, Dried grape marcs (Sagrantino); PSAG-DP, grape peels (Sagrantino), dry powder; SSAG-DP, grape seeds after oil extraction, dry powder; SGR-C, commercial grape seeds extract; LIOP-PH, lyophilized grape marcs; nd, no detected.