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. 2020 Aug 21;7:477. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00477

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Copyright © 2020 Wong, Yong, Ong, Ho and Tan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of laboratory tests for determining evidence of infection with FMDV after an outbreak in FMD-free countries with or without vaccination and FMD endemic countries. Laboratory confirmation of a presumptive diagnosis of FMD involves detection and identification of viral materials in animals' samples or presence of specific antibodies against structural proteins (SPs; presence in both vaccinated and infected animals) and specific antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs; presence in infected animals only) in serum samples. Diagnostic procedures for FMD can be found in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2019 (https://www.oie.int/standard-setting/terrestrial-manual/access-online/).