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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Menopause. 2020 Jul;27(7):746–755. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001535

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants included in analyses stratified by level of childhood adversity

Low ACE High ACE
Mean (SD) or number (%) p-value
n 350 202
Age (years) 47.2 (7.2) 48.1 (7.9) ns
Age at oophorectomy (years) 43.4 (6.0) 43.9 (7.3) ns
Time since oophorectomy (months) 45.6 (46.2) 49.3 (48.3) ns
Time without hormones (months) 30.8 (41.3) 33.3 (43.0) ns
History of cancer 156 (44.6) 101 (50.0) ns
Previous hormone therapy use 150 (42.9) 80 (39.6) ns
Current hormone therapy use 98 (28.0) 52 (25.7) ns
Previous chemotherapy use 94 (26.9) 65 (32.2) ns
Education ns
 Graduate school 155 (44.3) 94 (46.5)
 College 155 (44.3) 68 (33.7)
 Some College 34 (9.7) 32 (15.8)
 High school 3 (0.9) 8 (4.0)
 Some high school 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
 8th grade or less 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0)
Race ns
 White 326 (93.1) 181 (89.6)
 African American 2 (0.6) 4 (2.0)
 Asian 3 (0.9) 0 (0.0)
 Hispanic 8 (2.3) 6 (3.0)
 Other 6 (1.7) 3 (1.5)
 Unknown or not disclosed 10 (2.9) 8 (4.0)
Mood symptoms
 HADS total score 11.3 (6.7) 13.5 (7.1) 0.0005
 HADS depression subscale score 5.5 (3.8) 6.7 (4.0) 0.001
 HADS anxiety subscale score 5.7 (3.6) 6.9 (3.4) 0.0009
Current psychoactive medication indication or class
 Attention deficit disorder 4 (1.1) 4 (2.0) ns
 Depression 98 (28.0) 62 (30.7) 0.004
 Anxiety 9 (2.6) 12 (5.9) ns
 Neurological conditions 13 (3.7) 7 (3.5) ns
 Narcotics 3 (0.9) 2 (1.0) ns
 SERM antagonist/Aromatase inhibitor 43 (12.3) 30 (14.9) ns
 Tamoxifen/SERM 32 (9.1) 16 (7.9) 0.03
Mean ACE 0.32 (0.47) 3.4 (1.6) <0.0001
 Abuse
  Emotional abuse 6 (1.7) 119 (58.9) <0.0001
  Physical abuse 4 (1.1) 78 (38.6) <0.0001
  Sexual abuse 25 (7.1) 51 (25.2) <0.0001
 Neglect
  Emotional neglect 11 (3.1) 102 (50.5) <0.0001
  Physical neglect 1 (0.3) 25 (12.4) <0.0001
 Household dysfunction
  Parents divorced/separated 37 (10.6) 107 (53.0) <0.0001
  Witnessed domestic violence 2 (0.6) 26 (12.9) <0.0001
  Drug abuse in household 10 (2.9) 93 (46.0) <0.0001
  Mental illness in household 7 (2.0) 93 (46.0) <0.0001
  Incarceration of family member 2 (0.6) 13 (6.4) 0.0001

ACE=Adverse Childhood Experiences; HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SERM=Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator; ns=Not Significant (p>0.05)

T-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to assess whether sociodemographic information differed between ACE groups. Two-sided hypotheses were evaluated with significance defined as p<=0.05.