Table 1.
Commonly used sources of MSCs
| S. No | Source | Extraction route | Purity level | Proliferation rate | Doubling time | MSCs Marker |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bone Marrow | Bone Marrow Aspiration | High | Lowest | 40 Hrs | Stro-1, CD271, SSEA-4, CD146 |
| 2. | Adipose Tissue | Liposuction, lipectomy | Medium | Higher | 5 days | CD271, CD146 |
| 3. | Dental pulp | Tooth extraction or root canal | Low | High | 30-40 Hrs | Stro-1, SSEA-4, CD146 |
| 4. | Umbilical Cord | After birth from umbilical cord | High | Medium | 30 Hrs | CD146 |
| 5. | Wharton’s jelly | After birth from umbilical cord | High | High | 30 Hrs | CD73, CD90, CD105 |
| 6. | Placenta | Obtained after delivery | High | High | 36 Hrs | SSEA-4, CD146 |
| 7. | Synovial Fluid | Synovium or synovial fluid | High | High | 10 days | Stro-1, SSEA-4, CD146 |
| 8. | Endometrium | Endometrium biopsies or menstrual blood | High | High | 18-36 Hrs | Stro-1, CD146 |
| 9. | Peripheral Blood | Density Gradient Centrifugation | Low | Low | 95 Hrs | CD133 |