Table 1. Weighted sample characteristics by insurance instability prior to 2014, United States, 2013–2014.
| Characteristic | % or mean (standard error) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | By insurance instability prior to 2014 | |||||
| Continuously insured | Short-term uninsured (1–11 months) | Long-term uninsured (≥12 months) | ||||
| Number of observations | 6,435 | 5,555 | 251 | 629 | ||
| Individual-level | ||||||
| Age* | 41.2 (0.2) | 41.6 (0.3) | 36.0 (1.1) | 38.9 (0.7) | ||
| Sex* | ||||||
| Female | 52.5% | 52.4% | 61.2% | 49.9% | ||
| Male | 47.5% | 47.6% | 38.8% | 50.1% | ||
| Race/ethnicity* | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 65.7% | 67.3% | 54.7% | 50.9% | ||
| African American, non-Hispanic | 11.4% | 10.9% | 19.2% | 13.9% | ||
| Hispanic | 13.7% | 12.5% | 18.5% | 26.8% | ||
| Other, non-Hispanic | 9.1% | 9.3% | 7.6% | 8.3% | ||
| Education* | ||||||
| High school or less | 31.0% | 29.1% | 40.9% | 49.1% | ||
| Some college or more | 69.0% | 70.9% | 59.1% | 50.9% | ||
| Employed* | 79.2% | 80.6% | 68.7% | 66.4% | ||
| Married* | 57.6% | 60.3% | 35.8% | 34.1% | ||
| Household size | 3.0 (0.04) | 3.0 (0.04) | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.9 (0.1) | ||
| Household income relative to the federal poverty level* | ||||||
| 0–99% | 9.4% | 7.7% | 20.5% | 24.5% | ||
| 100–199% | 13.7% | 11.5% | 23.0% | 36.0% | ||
| 200–400% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 33.8% | 28.0% | ||
| >400% | 46.8% | 50.6% | 22.7% | 11.6% | ||
| Perceived decline in health (from 2013 to 2014)* | 22.8% | 22.0% | 27.3% | 30.2% | ||
| Had an ambulatory care sensitive condition (in 2013)* | 30.4% | 31.1% | 23.5% | 24.9% | ||
| County-level | ||||||
| Number of hospitals with an ED (quartiles) | ||||||
| 1 –top | 41.5% | 41.7% | 37.1% | 41.3% | ||
| 2 | 17.6% | 18.0% | 16.4% | 13.6% | ||
| 3 | 22.6% | 22.8% | 23.3% | 20.4% | ||
| 4 –bottom | 18.3% | 17.5% | 23.1% | 24.7% | ||
| Number of primary care physicians (quartiles) | ||||||
| 1 –top | 30.9% | 30.9% | 29.9% | 31.6% | ||
| 2 | 29.2% | 29.5% | 26.9% | 26.0% | ||
| 3 | 21.6% | 21.8% | 19.4% | 20.0% | ||
| 4 –bottom | 18.4% | 17.9% | 23.9% | 22.4% | ||
| Number of physician extenders (quartiles) | ||||||
| 1 –top | 31.0% | 31.0% | 28.3% | 31.6% | ||
| 2 | 29.0% | 29.3% | 25.0% | 26.7% | ||
| 3 | 20.5% | 20.4% | 25.0% | 19.5% | ||
| 4 –bottom | 19.6% | 19.3% | 21.8% | 22.2% | ||
| Number of federally qualified health centers (quartiles)* | ||||||
| 1 –top | 34.8% | 35.3% | 29.8% | 31.4% | ||
| 2 | 26.2% | 26.7% | 27.2% | 20.1% | ||
| 3 | 23.4% | 22.9% | 22.0% | 29.9% | ||
| 4 –bottom | 15.6% | 15.2% | 21.0% | 18.7% | ||
| Percentage of county population non-white* | 34.3% | 33.9% | 38.0% | 36.8% | ||
| Percentage of county population unemployed* | 7.3% | 7.2% | 7.8% | 7.7% | ||
| Percentage of county population in poverty* | 15.5% | 15.3% | 17.1% | 16.8% | ||
| Percentage of county population uninsured* | 19.5% | 19.2% | 22.3% | 21.9% | ||
| Health professional shortage area | 35.8% | 35.3% | 38.5% | 40.0% | ||
| Non-metro area | 13.9% | 13.8% | 13.0% | 16.2% | ||
* p<0.05 for differences across groups