Table 3. Stratified estimates of insurance instability and year-over-year changes in use of emergency departments and office visits, United States, 2013–2014.
| Outcome | Percentage point change (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance type (2014) | ||
| Private | Public | |
| ED visits (change in visits) | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | 0.07 (-0.02, 0.16) | 0.09 (-0.13, 0.30) |
| Long-term uninsured | 0.03 (-0.03, 0.09) | 0.24** (0.07, 0.41) |
| Office visits (change in visits) | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | -0.31 (-1.00, 0.38) | -0.44 (-2.42, 1.55) |
| Long-term uninsured | 0.06 (-0.34, 0.47) | 1.94 (-0.26, 4.14) |
| Substitution (percentage point change in predicted probability) | ||
| > ED visits, > office visits | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | -0.5 (-4.7, 3.7) | 1.0 (-8.3, 10.2) |
| Long-term uninsured | -0.7 (-3.1, 1.7) | 2.9 (-1.9, 7.7) |
| ≤ ED visits, > office visits | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | -3.3 (-11.3, 4.8) | 0.6 (-12.8, 14.0) |
| Long-term uninsured | -1.6 (-8.0, 4.8) | 2.4 (-6.1, 11.0) |
| > ED visits, ≤ office visits | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | 2.8 (-1.6, 7.3) | 4.6 (-2.5, 11.8) |
| Long-term uninsured | -0.8 (-3.2, 1.5) | 3.6 (-1.0, 8.2) |
| ≤ ED visits, ≤ office visits | ||
| Continuously insured | – | – |
| Short-term uninsured | 1.0 (-7.8, 9.7) | -6.2 (-20.1, 7.6) |
| Long-term uninsured | 3.1 (-4.0, 10.2) | -8.9* (-17.6, -0.2) |
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
The model for those with private insurance also includes the number of Marketplace insurers in the state, and state average benchmark premium in 2014. The model for those with public insurance also includes state Medicaid expansion status. These controls are in addition to the individual- and county-level characteristics shown in Table 1.
N = 6,371.