Table 5. The impact of different mulch types and winter crops on chemical properties of soil.
| Mulch types | 2016–17 | 2017–18 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat | Egyptian clover | Canola | Wheat | Egyptian clover | Canola | |
| Electric conductivity (dS m-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 5.357 abc | 5.407 ab | 5.340 bcd | 5.307 abc | 5.317 ab | 5.247 bcd |
| GH-Mubarik* | 5.367 abc | 5.433 a | 5.400 ab | 5.300 abcd | 5.357 a | 5.323 ab |
| CIM-620** | 5.267 d | 5.343 bcd | 5.303 cd | 5.217 d | 5.283 abcd | 5.230 cd |
| N-414** | 5.290 cd | 5.333 bcd | 5.290 cd | 5.240 bcd | 5.257 bcd | 5.227 cd |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.087 | 0.084 | ||||
| pH | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 8.32 a | 8.29 ab | 8.24 ab | 8.25 ab | 8.23 abc | 8.19 bc |
| GH-Mubarik* | 8.32 a | 8.29 ab | 8.24 ab | 8.26 a | 8.24 abc | 8.22 abc |
| CIM-620** | 8.24 ab | 8.27 ab | 8.22 b | 8.22 abc | 8.22 abc | 8.17 c |
| N-414** | 8.27 ab | 8.26 ab | 8.29 ab | 8.23 abc | 8.24 ab | 8.25 ab |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.08 | 0.07 | ||||
| Available nitrogen (mg kg-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 0.080 ab | 0.073 abcd | 0.073 abcd | 0.087 a | 0.080 ab | 0.073 bc |
| GH-Mubarik* | 0.070 bcd | 0.063 cd | 0.063 cd | 0.080 ab | 0.067 c | 0.063 c |
| CIM-620** | 0.087 a | 0.077 abc | 0.073 abcd | 0.087 a | 0.080 ab | 0.073 bc |
| N-414** | 0.077 abc | 0.067 bcd | 0.060 d | 0.087 a | 0.070 bc | 0.067 c |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.016 | 0.013 | ||||
| Available phosphorous (mg kg-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 9.66 abc | 9.70 a | 9.62 abcd | 9.85 a | 9.75 bcd | 9.70 cd |
| GH-Mubarik* | 9.68 ab | 9.69 ab | 9.65 abc | 9.70 cd | 9.73 bcd | 9.67 d |
| CIM-620** | 9.61 bcd | 9.65 abc | 9.58 cde | 9.70 cd | 9.76 bc | 9.67 d |
| N-414** | 9.55 de | 9.67 ab | 9.53 e | 9.86 a | 9.75 bc | 9.79 ab |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||||
| Available potassium (mg kg-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 199 abcd | 203 a | 201 abc | 202 | 203 | 204 |
| GH-Mubarik* | 200 abc | 201 abc | 196 cde | 202 | 204 | 201 |
| CIM-620** | 197 bcde | 202 ab | 194 e | 202 | 202 | 202 |
| N-414** | 197 bcde | 201 ab | 195 de | 203 | 201 | 200 |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 4.87 | NS | ||||
| Available zinc (mg kg-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 0.77 abc | 0.81 a | 0.71 d | 0.79 abc | 0.82 a | 0.76 c |
| GH-Mubarik* | 0.78 ab | 0.81 a | 0.73 cd | 0.81 ab | 0.82 a | 0.77 bc |
| CIM-620** | 0.77 abc | 0.79 a | 0.73 cd | 0.79 abc | 0.80 ab | 0.76 c |
| N-414** | 0.77 abc | 0.81 a | 0.74 bcd | 0.79 abc | 0.81 ab | 0.78 bc |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||||
| Available iron (mg kg-1) | ||||||
| CIM-616* | 3.89 b | 4.05 a | 3.88 bc | 3.92 c | 4.11 a | 3.90 c |
| GH-Mubarik* | 3.82 bcd | 4.00 a | 3.75 de | 3.86 c | 4.02 b | 3.86 c |
| CIM-620** | 3.79 cde | 3.99 a | 3.71 e | 3.89 c | 4.03 b | 3.86 c |
| N-414** | 3.82 bcd | 4.03 a | 3.76 de | 3.94 c | 4.08 ab | 3.89 c |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||||
* = Bt cultivars
** = non-Bt cultivars, Means followed by varying letters for an experimental year differ at significantly (p ≤0.05) from each other, NS = Non-significant