Table 3. Multivariate regression model for the risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain in women submitted to Cesarean section.
| Adjusted RR* | 95%CI | ß | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.03 | 0.99–1.06 | 0.03 | 0.129 | |
| Schooling (years) | ≥ 8 | 1.00 | |||
| < 8 | 1.05 | 0.64–1.71 | 0.04 | 0.859 | |
| In paid employment | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.71 | 0.49–1.02 | -0.35 | 0.063 | |
| Socioeconomic class | AB | 1.00 | |||
| C | 1.26 | 0.88–1.80 | 0.23 | 0.211 | |
| DE | 1.39 | 0.75–2.57 | 0.33 | 0.290 | |
| Reported pain at the time of interview | No | 1.00 | |||
| Anxiety (STAI-T) | CV | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 0.03 | 0.006 |
| Anxiety (HADS-A) | CV | 0.98 | 0.94–1.03 | -0.02 | 0.455 |
| Depression (HADS-D) | CV | 1.00 | 0.94–1.07 | 0.00 | 0.898 |
| Pain at 7 days after surgery | None | 1.00 | |||
| Mild | 1.33 | 0.52–3.41 | 0.28 | 0.558 | |
| Moderate | 1.65 | 0.74–3.65 | 0.50 | 0.218 | |
| Severe | 2.79 | 1.29–6.00 | 1.02 | 0.009 | |
| Yes | 1.29 | 0.95–1.77 | 0.26 | 0.105 | |
| Smoking | No | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.22 | 1.27–3.88 | 0.80 | 0.005 |
RR: relative risk; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; β: Regression coefficient
* Log-binomial regression model adjusted for age, schooling, whether in paid employment, socioeconomic class, reported pain at interview, anxiety (STAI-T), anxiety (HADS-A), depression (HADS-D), pain 7 days after surgery, and smoking. CV = Continuous variables; Parameters of the model: AIC: 588.34; BIC: 646.24; Pearson goodness-of-fit: χ2: 271.91; p-value = 0.607.