Table 2.

OR of Tyr and Phe for DR risk in T2D

	OR	95% CI	P value
Univariable model
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	5.11	2.22 to 11.8	<0.001
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	6.32	2.30 to 17.4	<0.001
Multivariable model 1
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	4.21	1.79 to 9.93	0.001
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	7.34	2.57 to 21.0	<0.001
Multivariable model 2
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	4.25	1.79 to 10.1	0.001
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	6.99	2.45 to 19.99	<0.001
Multivariable model 3
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	4.18	1.75 to 9.99	0.001
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	7.18	2.49 to 20.7	<0.001
Multivariable model 4
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	4.06	1.66 to 9.94	0.002
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	7.57	2.53 to 22.6	<0.001
Multivariable model 5
Tyr <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	2.75	1.11 to 6.83	0.029
Phe <64 vs ≥64 (μmol/L)	5.83	1.92 to 17.7	0.002

Values are OR (95% CIs) from logistic regression analyses. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (<18.5 kg.m², 18.5 kg.m² 24.0 kg.m², 24.0 kg.m²–28.0 kg.m² and >28.0 kg.m²) and duration of diabetes. Model 2 was adjusted for variables in model 1 plus systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.0mmol/L in male or <1.3mmol/L in female, ≥1.0mmol/L in male or ≥1.3mmol/L in female, lack), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<2.6mmol/L, ≥2.6 mmol/L, lack), glycated hemoglobin (<7%, 7%~8%, ≥8%, lack), triglyceride (<1.7mmol/L, ≥1.7mmol/L, lack). Model 3 was adjusted for variables in model 2 plus antidiabetic drugs, lipid lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs. Model 4 was adjusted for variables in model 3 plus diabetic nephropathy. Model 5 was adjusted for variables in model 4 and Tyr or Phe respectively. The concentration of Phe was coded to 45.34 μmol/L (mean) if Phe ≥ 100.00 μmol/L. Missing values of glycated hemoglobin and lipids were presented as one category.

DR, diabetic retinopathy; Phe, phenylalanine; T2D, type 2 diabetes; Tyr, tyrosine.