Table 3.
Additive interaction of Tyr, Phe and DN for DR in type 2 diabetes
| OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Tyr and Phe (μmol/L) | |||
| Tyr≥64 and Phe≥64 | Reference | ||
| Tyr <64 and Phe≥64 | 0.64 | 0.08 to 5.05 | 0.671 |
| Tyr≥64 and Phe<64 | 1.52 | 0.25 to 9.26 | 0.652 |
| Tyr<64 and Phe<64 | 6.01 | 1.35 to 26.8 | 0.019 |
| Measure | |||
| RERI | 4.85 | −1.27 to 11.0 | |
| AP | 0.81 | 0.42 to 1.20 | |
| S | 32.5 | 6.94 to 15.2e10 | |
| Tyr, Phe and DN (μmol/L) | |||
| Tyr≥64 or Phe≥64 and non-DN | Reference | ||
| Tyr≥64 or Phe≥64 and DN | 5.65 | 1.20 to 26.5 | 0.028 |
| Tyr<64 and Phe<64 and non-DN | 6.68 | 2.36 to 18.9 | <0.001 |
| Tyr<64 and Phe<64 and DN | 25.9 | 8.71 to 76.9 | <0.000 |
| Measure | |||
| RERI | 14.6 | −3.84 to 33.0 | |
| AP | 0.56 | 0.25 to 0.88 | |
| S | 2.41 | 1.10 to 5.27 | |
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, DN, antidiabetic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs. Significant RERI>0, AP due to interaction>0 or S>1 indicate a significant additive interaction.
AP, attributable proportion; DN, diabetic nephropathy; DR, diabetic retinopathy; Phe, phenylalanine; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; S, synergy index; Tyr, tyrosine.