Table 1.
Human miRNAs that could potentially interact with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 and their biological roles
| miRNA | Abundance in HBE | MTS | Potential Impact on Cellular Processes |
|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-let-7a-3p | Q3/Q2 | 1 | Reduced expression in human lung cancers is associated with shortened postoperative survival (96). |
| hsa-miR-10a-5p | Q3/Q3 | 1 | Constrains the plasticity of helper T cells (95). Is deregulated in breast cancer (19). |
| hsa-miR-126–3p | Q3/Q3 | 1 | Downregulated in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells and regulates TOM1 expression (78). Downregulates VEGF and inhibits the growth of lung cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo (62). |
| hsa-miR-154–3p | Q2/nd | 1 | Is profibrotic in pulmonary fibrosis (69). |
| hsa-miR-195–3p | Q1/nd | 2 | Deregulated in cancer (119) |
| hsa-miR-200a-5p | Q3/Q3 | 1 | Suppresses MMP9 expression in lung cancer (23). |
| hsa-miR-345–5p | Q3/Q3 | 1 | Deregulated in colorectal cancer (97). Suppresses cell invasion and migration in NSCLC (125). Low tissue expression was associated with progression and poor prognosis of lung cancer (22). |
| hsa-miR-34a-3p | Q3/Q2 | 1 | Deregulated in cancers (44). Inhibits lung fibrosis by inducing lung fibroblast senescence (26) Control of vertebrate multiciliogenesis (66, 93) UPR related—proposed to target XBP1 (6). |
| hsa-miR-3664–5p | Q2/Q1 | 2 | Altered in sputum of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (116). |
| hsa-miR-376a-3p | Q3/Q1 | 1 | Targets insulin growth factor 1 receptor (121). Facilitates immune elimination of HCMV infected cells (76). Inhibits lung cancer progression (107). |
| hsa-miR-376b-3p | Q3/nd | 1 | Controls starvation and mTOR inhibition-related autophagy by targeting ATG4C and BECN1 (53). Associated with COPD (79). |
| hsa-miR-3939 | Q1/Q1 | 1 | Unknown |
| hsa-miR-4746–5p | Q1/Q1 | 1 | Deregulated in lung cancer (114, 129). |
| hsa-miR-495–5p | Q2/nd | 1 | Deregulated in cancers (24, 48). Targets UPR in lung cancer cells -reduction of these miRNA might be the reason for upregulation of GRP78 in NSCLC patients (1). |
| hsa-miR-513a-3p | Q2/nd | 1 | Contributes to the controlling of cellular migration processes in the A549 lung tumor cells by modulating integrin β-8 expression (27). |
| hsa-miR-513b-3p | Q3/nd | 1 | Deregulated in lung cancer (105). |
| hsa-miR-513c-3p | Q2/nd | 1 | Lung cancer biomarker (65). |
| hsa-miR-514b-5p | Q1/nd | 1 | Deregulated in colorectal cancer (88). |
| hsa-miR-548av-5p | Q1/nd | 1 | Potentially associated with transition from immune tolerance to immune activation of chronic hepatitis B (113). |
| hsa-miR-582–5p | Q3/Q2 | 3 | Suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cells growth and invasion via downregulating NOTCH1 (63). |
| hsa-miR-605–5p | Q3/Q1 | 1 | Mediates p53 related cellular responses to stress (112). miR-605 genetic polymorphisms are a risk factors of lung cancer susceptibility and gastrointestinal cancer risk (123, 124). |
| hsa-miR-664a-3p | Q3/Q3 | 1 | Associated with cigarette smoke-induced COPD (128). |
| hsa-miR-6733–5p | Q2/nd | 1 | Unknown |
| hsa-miR-6758–3p | Q2/nd | 1 | Predicted miRNAs from Toxoplasma gondii potentially regulates the hosts’ gene expression (89). |
| hsa-miR-6793–3p | Q1/nd | 1 | Unknown |
| hsa-miR-6802–3p | Q1/nd | 1 | Unknown |
| hsa-miR-766–3p | Q3/Q2 | 1 | A potential biomarker for predicting survival in lung adenocarcinoma (61). |
| hsa-miR-99b-5p | Q3/Q1 | 1 | DNA damage response (74). Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls miR-99b expression in infected murine dendritic cells to modulate host immunity (92). Suppresses the expression of prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer cell proliferation (94). |
The miRNA abundance in human bronchial epithelial cells is provided as a quartile (Q) of raw next generation sequencing reads distribution for 16HBE14o-/primary HBE. nd, not detected. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; MTS, miRNA target site; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; UPR, unfolded protein response; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; XBP1, X-box binding protein transcription factor.