Fig. 9.

Effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity (A), hepatic insulin sensitivity (B), fasting and 2 h glucose during OGTTs (C), fasting and 2 h insulin during OGTTs (D), and beta-cell function (E) of insulin clearance and insulin-induced insulin resistance plotted in F. The case of Fig. 1 [impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) first] is resimulated with varying rates of insulin clearance and induced insulin resistance, defined by Eqs. 13–16. A: S_I = S_I,0E, where S_I,0 is calculated as in Fig. 1 and E is the induced effect plotted in F. Black (control), same as Fig. 1 but with insulin clearance k = 0.4861 min⁻¹, essentially no induced effect (α_E = 300 μU/ml); green, reduced clearance (k = 0.37499 min⁻¹), modest induced effect (α_E = 50 μU/ml); blue, k = 0.37499 min⁻¹, stronger induced effect (α_E = 15 μU/ml); red, k = 0.37499 min⁻¹, very strong induced effect (α_E = 5 μU/ml). Other parameters are listed in Supplemental Table S17. FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; 2hPG, 2 h glucose; 2hPI, 2 h plasma insulin.