Fig. 1.

Basic characteristics of βNUPR1 (transgenic mice with β-cell-specific Nupr1 overexpression) (Tg) mice. Age was ~3 mo except in E. A: Nupr1 mRNA levels in pancreas (P), kidney (K), and liver (L) of transgenic (Tg) mice relative to mean of wild-type (WT) mice (n = 4). B: NUPR1 protein levels in isolated islets (n = 3). C: nonfasting blood glucose levels (n = 12). D: ip glucose tolerance tests (IpGTT; n = 12). E: nonfasting serum insulin (n = 8 WT and 6 Tg). F: β-cell area of ~5-mo-old mice (n = 8 WT and 5 Tg). Data are individual mice (A, B) with median in (A), box plots with min/max whiskers (C, E, F) or means ± SD (D).