Table 2.
Characteristics of studies examining the effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle fiber size in older adults
| Study | Year | Sex (M/W) | Age, yr | Frequency, days/wk | Duration, wk | Intensity, %1-RM | Fiber Types | Classification Technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahtiainen et al. (1) | 2016 | 10/0 | 61 | 2 | 21 | 40–90 | I, II | mATPase |
| Bamman et al. (5) | 2003 | 9/5 | 69/66 | 3 | 26 | 80 | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Bickel et al. (6)* | 2011 | 31 | 61 | 3 | 16 | 75–80 | I, II | IHC |
| Charette et al. (12) | 1991 | 0/13 | 69 | 3 | 12 | 65–75 | I, II | mATPase |
| Cooke et al. (17) | 2014 | 10/0 | 61 | 3 | 12 | 75 | I, II | mATPase |
| Ferketich et al. (26) | 1998 | 0/7 | 60–75 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Frontera et al. (32) | 2003 | 0/7 | 74 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I | SDS-PAGE |
| Frontera et al. (33) | 1988 | 12/0 | 60–72 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, II | mATPase |
| Grimby et al. (36) | 1992 | 9/0 | 81 | 2–3 | 12 | MVC | I, II | mATPase |
| Hagerman et al. (37) | 2000 | 9/0 | 64 | 2 | 16 | 85–90 | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Häkkinen et al. (40) | 2001 | 0/10 | 64 | 2 | 21 | 40–80 | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Häkkinen et al. (39) | 2001 | 9/8 | 72/67 | 2 | 24 | 50–80 | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Häkkinen et al. (38) | 1998 | 6/0 | 61 | 3 | 10 | 3–15-RM | I, IIA, IIX, IIAX | mATPase |
| Hikida et al. (42) | 2000 | 9/0 | 64 | 2 | 16 | 6–8-RM | I, IIA, IIX | mATPase |
| Holwerda et al. (43) | 2018 | 20/0 | 71 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, II | IHC |
| Kosek et al. (47) | 2006 | 13/11 | 65/63 | 3 | 16 | 80 | I, II, IIA | IHC |
| Kryger and Anderson (49)* | 2007 | 9 | 89 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, II | mATPase, IHC |
| Lange et al. (50) | 2002 | 8/0 | 75 | 3 | 12 | 8-RM | I, II | mATPase |
| Larsson (52) | 1982 | 6/0 | 59 | 2 | 15 | 20–30-RM | I, II | mATPase |
| Leenders et al. (54) | 2013 | 14/12 | 70/69 | 3 | 24 | 75–80 | I, II | IHC |
| Leenders et al. (55) | 2013 | 29/24 | 70/71 | 3 | 16 | 75–80 | I, II | IHC |
| Lexell et al. (58) | 1995 | 12/8 | 70–77 | 3 | 11 | 85 | I, II | mATPase |
| Martel et al. (60) | 2006 | 11/7 | 69/68 | 3 | 9 | 5-RM | I, IIA, IIAX | mATPase |
| Mayhew et al. (61)* | 2009 | 15 | 64 | 3 | 16 | 8–12-RM | II | IHC |
| Mero et al. (63) | 2013 | 18/0 | 61 | 2 | 21 | 40–80 | I, II | mATPase |
| Parente et al. (75) | 2008 | 0/4 | 78 | 3 | 52 | 60 | I, IIA | SDS-PAGE |
| Pyka et al. (78) | 1994 | 4/4 | 67 | 3 | 52 | 75 | I, II | mATPase |
| Raue et al. (79) | 2009 | 0/6 | 85 | 3 | 12 | 70–75 | I, IIA | SDS-PAGE |
| Slivka et al. (84) | 2008 | 6/0 | 82 | 3 | 12 | 70 | I, IIA | SDS-PAGE |
| Taaffe et al. (93) | 1996 | 0/7 | 67 | 3 | 52 | 40 or 80 | I, II | mATPase |
| Taaffe et al. (92) | 1996 | 8/0 | 65–82 | 3 | 24 | 75 | I, II | mATPase |
| Trappe et al. (97) | 2016 | 8/0 | 64 | 3 | 12 | 12-RM | I, II | mATPase |
| Trappe et al. (96) | 2000 | 7/0 | 74 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, IIA | SDS-PAGE |
| Trappe et al. (95) | 2001 | 0/7 | 74 | 3 | 12 | 80 | I, IIA | SDS-PAGE |
| Verdijk et al. (98) | 2009 | 13/0 | 72 | 3 | 12 | 75–80 | I, II | IHC |
Age is reported as mean when available or the age range of participants included in the study. M, men; W, women; RM, repetition maximum; mATPase, myosin adenosine triphosphatase; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MVC, maximal voluntary contractions; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
*
Study did not report breakdown of men and women in sample.