Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included in review

Source	Design	Setting	Sample	Timing of intervention	Intervention focus	Comparator	Follow-up
Alibhai 2019 [47]	3-arm feasibility RCT	Canada Hospital or home	59 men with prostate cancer mean age 70 (range 62–90)	Starting or continuing ADT	Activity	Non-inferiority comparison between home-based activity (HOME; intervention group), group-based face-to-face (GROUP), and 1:1 personal training (PT).	3- and 6-month follow-ups (not reported in this paper)
Bourke 2011 [48]	2-arm feasibility RCT	UK Home or supervised (unknown whether hospital or community)	50 men with localised prostate cancer mean age 72 (range 60–87)	receiving AST for at least 6 months	Nutrition and activity	Usual care	6 months
Demark-Wahnefried 2006 [49]	2-arm RCT	USA Home	182 breast and prostate cancer patients Mean age 72 (range 65–91)	Within 18 months of diagnosis	Nutrition and activity	Attention control Received workbook with general health promotion materials. Also received phone counselling (same schedule) that was structured around a specific health topic as addressed in workbook.	12 months
Demark-Wahnefried 2018 [50]	2-arm feasibility RCT	USA Home	46 mixed cancer survivors Mean age 70 (range 60–92)	Post treatment (exception for adjuvant endocrine therapy)	Nutrition	Wait list control Matched with MGs, given all materials and monitored for year 2 after 1 year wait-list.	24 months
Desbiens 2017 [51]	2-arm pilot RCT	Canada Home or hospital based	26 breast cancer currently on aromatase inhibitor therapy	No RT for at least 1 month	Activity	Active comparator Same activity routine in group setting.	None
Lai 2017 [52]	2-arm RCT	China Hospital	60 lung cancer patients	Pre-surgery	Activity	Usual care	None
Loh 2019 [53]	2-arm RCT	USA Hospital	252 mixed cancer patients	currently or soon be receiving chemotherapy	Activity	Wait list control Given the intervention kit for free at the end of the study	None
Miki 2014 [54]	2-arm feasibility RCT	Japan Hospital	78 breast (43) and prostate (35) cancer	Majority post treatment 5 chemo, 2 radiation, 41 hormone	Activity	Usual care	None
Monga 2007 [55]	2-arm feasibility RCT	USA Hospital	21 localised prostate cancer patients	Receiving radiotherapy	Activity	Usual care plus general education	None
Morey 2009 [56]	2-arm RCT	USA (small number from UK and Canada) Home	641 breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors randomised Mean age 73 (no range)	5 or more years post diagnosis (considered to be cured)	Nutrition and Activity	Wait list control Usual care until 1 year when they received the full intervention.	24 months
Park 2012 [57]	2-arm RCT	Korea University	66 localised prostate cancer patients randomised Mean age 69 (no range)	post prostatectomy; excluded if any adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy	Activity	Usual care plus kegel exercises only.	None
Porserud 2014 [58]	2-arm feasibility RCT	Sweden University hospital	18 bladder cancer patients randomised Mean age 72 (range 64–78)	After undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer	Activity	Wait list control Usual care during study period offered same programme after data collection was complete.	12 months
Sprod 2015 [59]	2-arm RCT	USA Community, Cancer centre	97 older (≥ 60) mixed cancer survivors randomised Mean age 66 (no range)	completed standard treatment 2–24 months prior	Activity	Wait list control Offered opportunity to participate in sessions post study.	None
Winters-Stone 2016 [60]	2-arm feasibility RCT	USA University	64 prostate cancer survivors and their spouse or partner (64 couples) randomised Mean age of PCS 72; mean age of spouses 68	received treatment for PCS but not currently on CT or RT	Activity	Wait list control Received home-based instructional video of the programme and an instructional workshop post-study	None

QoL quality of life, RCT randomised controlled trial, UK United Kingdom, USA United States of America, ADT androgen deprivation therapy, AST androgen suppression therapy, PT personal training, MG master gardener, PCS prostate cancer survivors, CT chemotherapy, RT radiotherapy