Table 2.

Effect sizes from ALDEx2 analysis.

Taxa	Antimony	Arsenic	Mercury
Abiotrophia_defectiva	− 0.10	0.16	− 0.52
Escherichia_coli	0.69	0.07	− 0.03
Granulicatella_elegans	− 0.46	0.15	− 0.46
Lactobacillus_sp_11798	0.67	0.08	0.04
Lactobacillus_sp_11800	0.66	0.03	0.02
Lactobacillus_sp_11808	0.69	0.07	0.01
Lactobacillus_sp_11809	0.65	0.05	0.06
Neisseria_meningitidis polysaccharea	− 0.05	0.12	− 0.45
Prevotella_pleuritidis	0.21	− 0.70	− 0.03
Prevotella_sp_9409	− 0.04	− 0.10	0.49
Prevotella_sp_9421	− 0.05	− 0.11	0.54
Streptococcus_GU045364	0.04	0.08	0.33

Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 61 individuals from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Study.

Antimony was significantly associated with increases in relative abundance of several species of acid-producing bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. Associations with toxic metals arsenic and mercury are shown for comparison. The effect size comparing those in the highest tertile to the lower two tertiles for each species is the difference between groups relative to an estimate of within-group dispersion. Only associations with Benjamini–Hochberg corrected p-values < 0.1 are shown, with significant values in bold. The effect sizes are displayed within the cells; increases in taxa abundance associated with increases in metal level are positive. Several oligotypes of Lactobacillus and Prevotella were identified that could not be resolved to species level; these are indicated by a number.